简介Hijack
type Hijacker interface {
// Hijack lets the caller take over the connection.
// After a call to Hijack the HTTP server library
// will not do anything else with the connection.
//
// It becomes the caller's responsibility to manage
// and close the connection.
//
// The returned net.Conn may have read or write deadlines
// already set, depending on the configuration of the
// Server. It is the caller's responsibility to set
// or clear those deadlines as needed.
//
// The returned bufio.Reader may contain unprocessed buffered
// data from the client.
//
// After a call to Hijack, the original Request.Body must
// not be used.
Hijack() (net.Conn, *bufio.ReadWriter, error)
}
Hijack()
可以将HTTP对应的TCP连接取出,连接在Hijack()
之后,HTTP的相关操作就会受到影响,调用方需要负责去关闭连接。看一个简单的例子。
func handle1(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
hj, _ := w.(http.Hijacker)
conn, buf, _ := hj.Hijack()
defer conn.Close()
buf.WriteString("hello world")
buf.Flush()
}
func handle2(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
fmt.Fprintf(w, "hello world")
}
问题来了,上面两个handle
方法有什么区别呢?很简单,同样是http请求,返回的结果一个遵循http协议,一个不遵循。
➜ ~ curl -i http://localhost:9090/handle1
hello world% ➜ ~ curl -i http://localhost:9090/handle2
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 14 Jun 2018 07:51:31 GMT
Content-Length: 11
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
hello world%
分别是以上两者的返回,可以看到,hijack之后的返回,虽然body是相同的,但是完全没有遵循http协议。(废话,别人都说了hijack之后返回了body然后直接关闭了,哪来的headers = = )
但我们还是要看看为啥..
func (c *conn) serve(ctx context.Context) {
...
serverHandler{c.server}.ServeHTTP(w, w.req)
w.cancelCtx()
if c.hijacked() {
return
}
w.finishRequest()
...
}
这是net/http包中的方法,也是http路由的核心方法。调用ServeHTTP
(也就是上边的handle方法)方法,如果被hijack
了就直接return了,而一般的http请求会经过后边的finishRequest
方法,加入headers等并关闭连接。
打开方式
上边我们说了Hijack
方法,一般在在创建连接阶段使用HTTP连接,后续自己完全处理connection。符合这样的使用场景的并不多,基于HTTP协议的rpc算一个,从HTTP升级到WebSocket也算一个。
RPC中的应用
go中自带的rpc可以直接复用http server处理请求的那一套流程去创建连接,连接创建完毕后再使用Hijack
方法拿到连接。
// ServeHTTP implements an http.Handler that answers RPC requests.
func (server *server) servehttp(w http.responsewriter, req *http.request) {
if req.method != "connect" {
w.header().set("content-type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
w.writeheader(http.statusmethodnotallowed)
io.writestring(w, "405 must connect\n")
return
}
conn, _, err := w.(http.hijacker).hijack()
if err != nil {
log.print("rpc hijacking ", req.remoteaddr, ": ", err.error())
return
}
io.writestring(conn, "http/1.0 "+connected+"\n\n")
server.serveconn(conn)
}
客户端通过向服务端发送method为connect的请求创建连接,创建成功后即可开始rpc调用。
websocket中的应用
// ServeHTTP implements the http.Handler interface for a WebSocket
func (s Server) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
s.serveWebSocket(w, req)
}
func (s Server) serveWebSocket(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
rwc, buf, err := w.(http.Hijacker).Hijack()
if err != nil {
panic("Hijack failed: " + err.Error())
}
// The server should abort the WebSocket connection if it finds
// the client did not send a handshake that matches with protocol
// specification.
defer rwc.Close()
conn, err := newServerConn(rwc, buf, req, &s.Config, s.Handshake)
if err != nil {
return
}
if conn == nil {
panic("unexpected nil conn")
}
s.Handler(conn)
}
websocket在创建连接的阶段与http使用相同的协议,而在后边的数据传输的过程中使用了他自己的协议,符合了Hijack
的用途。通过serveWebSocket
方法将HTTP协议升级到Websocket协议。