进程:
次序
1:first, firstly, to begin/start with, first of all, in the beginning
2:second, secondly, next, furthermore,
最後:lastly, last but not least, finally
转换话题
with regard to, as far as … is concerned, as for, on the other hand
概括,“普遍来说”
in general, generally, on the whole, usually, in most cases,as a rule, for the most part,
mainly
特定的,具体的
in particular, particularly, specifically, more specifically, in relation to, in terms of, with respect to, Typically
肯定事实,强调
indeed, in fact, as a matter of fact, truly
增加(观点),强调
in addition, in addition to , additionally,furthermore, moreover, what‘s more, besides, above all,
解释清楚,强调
To illustrate,To clarify
Further (not ‘furthermore’)
First, second and third (not firstly, secondly and thirdly)
Moreover
Typically,Especially,Namely
很重要
importantly,more importantly,most importantly,
it is also important to highlight
总结
To summarise
It can be concluded that
As can be seen
Ultimately
Given the above
As described, as this essay has demonstrated…, as we have seen…,
The three main points are …,
In conclusion, to conclude, to sum up, finally, in short, Overall,…,
个人
个人意见
personally, in my view
重复,”那就是说“
in other word, or rather, that is to say, to put it more simply, in another way, namely, to be more precise
引用引用本文的其它部分
as noted above/below…, as stated previously…, as is discussed below…,
明显的(事实或陈述)
after all, clearly, naturally, evidently, obviously, of course,
it is evident that…
举例
for example, for instance, …such as…, as an illustration / example,to demonstrate, to illustrate, this can be illustrated by…,
逻辑论证
1. 承接
firstly, secondly, etc,
to begin with, initially, then, next, subsequently, finally, lastly
2. 因果(原因,结果,证明,逻辑结论)
後接原因:since, owing to, due to, because,
後接結果:as a result/consequence,
thus, hence, therefore,
accordingly, consequently, in consequence, for this reason,
it could be concluded that…,
alternatively,to this end…
条件
Admittedly
转折,然而(预期之外)
but, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet, whereas,
Alternatively
让步(先承认,然后移到另一观点)
despite, in spite of, though, although, even though, notwithstanding
假设
if, assume
比较
by the same token, compared with, in comparison with,
并列
respectively,
firstly, secondly and thirdly
相似
in like manner, the same way, likewise, similarly, whereas, equally, correspondingly
in contrast, Conversely
On the other hand
Instead
On the contrary, by contrast,
not only…but also,