经常可能会被问到形如以下的问题:
1.为什么在Android中使用ViewStub/merge/include可以帮我们完成布局优化?
2.为什么ViewStub可以做到不占用布局资源/懒加载?
3.merge标签为什么能做到减少嵌套?
4.阿森纳
5.为什么ViewStub多次调用inflate的报错?
....
目录
1.ViewStub初始化解析
2.ViewStub使用
3.ViewStub相关问题
inflate源码解析
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/xHUeKc0xL2Si4-PJOIBVWQ
4.include标签使用
5.include标签解析
6.merge标签使用
7.merge标签解析
8.merge标签问题
9.参考资料
ViewStub初始化解析
ViewStub是View类的子类,其构造函数如下
public ViewStub(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr, int defStyleRes){
super(context);
final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
R.styleable.ViewStub, defStyleAttr, defStyleRes);
mInflatedId = a.getResourceId(R.styleable.ViewStub_inflatedId, NO_ID);
mLayoutResource = a.getResourceId(R.styleable.ViewStub_layout, 0);
mID = a.getResourceId(R.styleable.ViewStub_id, NO_ID);
a.recycle();
setVisibility(GONE);
setWillNotDraw(true);
}
构造函数先调用了一次setVisibility()和setWillNotDraw()方法;
ViewStub复写了父类的setVisibility方法,在没有inflate之前,ViewStub的mInflatedViewRef是null,visibility为gone,所以这里是调用父类里的setVisibility(visibility)方法,完成flag的设置,可以简单的理解为:不可见
@Override
@android.view.RemotableViewMethod(asyncImpl = "setVisibilityAsync")
public void setVisibility(int visibility) {
if (mInflatedViewRef != null) {
View view = mInflatedViewRef.get();
if (view != null) {
view.setVisibility(visibility);
} else {
throw new IllegalStateException("setVisibility called on un-referenced view");
}
} else {
super.setVisibility(visibility);
if (visibility == VISIBLE || visibility == INVISIBLE) {
inflate();
}
}
}
然后直接调用的父类setWillNotDraw方法,也就是告诉view:"viewStub暂时不绘制"
public void setWillNotDraw(boolean willNotDraw) {
setFlags(willNotDraw ? WILL_NOT_DRAW : 0, DRAW_MASK);
}
onMeasure方法直接设置宽高为0
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
setMeasuredDimension(0, 0);
}
以上是ViewStub的初始化过程做的事,回答了开头的第二个问题,
『ViewStub是一个不可见的,不绘制,大小为0的视图。』
ViewStub使用
当业务需要显示ViewStub里的布局时,调用setVisibility方法,可见性设为true
ViewStub viewStub = findViewById(R.id.viewStub);
viewStub.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
实际上是调用了ViewStub的私有inflate方法
public View inflate() {
final ViewParent viewParent = getParent();
if (viewParent != null && viewParent instanceof ViewGroup) {//#1
if (mLayoutResource != 0) {
final ViewGroup parent = (ViewGroup) viewParent;
final View view = inflateViewNoAdd(parent);//#2
replaceSelfWithView(view, parent);//#3
mInflatedViewRef = new WeakReference<>(view);//#4
if (mInflateListener != null) {
mInflateListener.onInflate(this, view);//#5
}
return view;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("ViewStub must have a valid layoutResource");
}
} else {
throw new IllegalStateException("ViewStub must have a non-null ViewGroup viewParent");
}
}
1.调用getParent方法拿父View,父View为空(为空怎么添加嘛)或者父view不是viewGroup(不是VG怎么添加?)抛出异常;
2.父view检测正常后,调用inflateViewNoAdd方法,其本质上是从layout文件里生成一个view
final View view = factory.inflate(mLayoutResource, parent, false);
这也是为什么ViewStub是懒加载的原因,只有当ViewStub被要求setVisible(Visible)的时候才初始化该view。
看到这个inflate方法的第三个参数attachToRoot为false,这个也解释了为什么ViewStub里使用的layout根标签不能为merge标签,报错堆栈更加明了:
android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #2: <merge /> can be used only with a valid ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true
Caused by: android.view.InflateException: <merge /> can be used only with a valid ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true
at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:485)
at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:423)
at android.view.ViewStub.inflateViewNoAdd(ViewStub.java:269)
at android.view.ViewStub.inflate(ViewStub.java:302)
at android.view.ViewStub.setVisibility(ViewStub.java:247)
3.调用replaceSelfWithView,从父view中找到自己ViewStub,删除自己这个节点,然后把生产的view加到这个位置,完成replace;
private void replaceSelfWithView(View view, ViewGroup parent) {
final int index = parent.indexOfChild(this);
parent.removeViewInLayout(this);
final ViewGroup.LayoutParams layoutParams = getLayoutParams();
if (layoutParams != null) {
parent.addView(view, index, layoutParams);
} else {
parent.addView(view, index);
}
}
这个就回答了为什么多次inflate会报空指针错误,这里已经把自己删除了,findViewById的时候就找不到了。
4.初始化一个弱引用,把view传进去;
mInflatedViewRef的作用呢,在后续再次调用setVisibility的时候,从mInflatedViewRef取出view,就不用再初始化view了。
5.回调OnInflateListener的inflate方法;
该回调的作用见注释
Listener used to receive a notification after a ViewStub has
successfully inflated its layout resource.
linstener是ViewStubProxy代理类里进行设置
这个代理的作用???????(埋坑,先下班)
这个代理在哪里初始化???
ViewStub相关问题
1.为什么ViewStub能优化布局性能?
因为ViewStub是一个不可见,不绘制,0大小的View,可以做到懒加载。
2.ViewStub懒加载的原理是?
它的inflate过程是在初次要求可见的时候进行的,也就是按需加载。
3.ViewStub的layout能用merge做根标签么?
不能,因为merge的布局要求attachToRoot为true,而ViewStub内部实现inflate布局的方法,attachToRoot为false。
4.ViewStub标签内能加入其他view么?
不能,ViewStub是一个自闭合标签,引用的布局通过layout属性进行引用,需另外写xml布局文件。
<ViewStub
android:id="@+id/viewStub"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout="@layout/vs_content" />
5.ViewStub多次调用inflate/setVisible会发生什么情况?
- 如果ViewStub是局部变量,多次调用其首先会通过findViewById的方法去找ViewStub,后续会返回null,调用inflate/setVisibility时会报NPE
java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method
'android.view.View android.view.ViewStub.inflate()' on a null object reference
原因是初次inflate后会内部调用replaceSelfWithView方法,把viewStub节点从ViewTree里删除。
- 如果ViewStub是全局变量,多次调用inflate,会抛出异常
java.lang.IllegalStateException: ViewStub must have a non-null ViewGroup viewParent
因为初次inflate之后自己已经从ViewTree中删除了,但是inflate会先判断能不能拿到viewStub自己的parentView,后续是拿不到即抛出异常。
多次调用setVisible没有问题,因为只会调用一次inflate,内部是通过mInflatedViewRef拿view。
如果还想再次显示ViewStub 引用的布局/view(以下这种写法),则建议主动try catch这些异常。
try {
View viewStub = viewStub.inflate();
//inflate 方法只能被调用一次,
hintText = (TextView) viewStub.findViewById(R.id.tv_vsContent);
hintText.setText("没有相关数据,请刷新");
} catch (Exception e) {
viewStub.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
} finally {
hintText.setText("没有相关数据,请刷新");
}
include标签的使用
就很简单的在xml里引入
<include
android:id="@+id/my_title_ly"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
layout="@layout/my_title_layout" />
为什么那么简单,因为实际上就是对xml的解析,遇到了include后进行处理,源码在LayoutInflater的rInflate方法里。
include标签解析
void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, Context context,
AttributeSet attrs, boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
....这里只关注include标签的解析...
else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) {
if (parser.getDepth() == 0) {
throw new InflateException("<include /> cannot be the root element");
}
parseInclude(parser, context, parent, attrs);
}
...源码有省略...
}
private void parseInclude(XmlPullParser parser, Context context, View parent,
AttributeSet attrs) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
int type;
//父view必须是ViewGroup,否则抛出异常
if (parent instanceof ViewGroup) {
//处理主题
final TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, ATTRS_THEME);
final int themeResId = ta.getResourceId(0, 0);
final boolean hasThemeOverride = themeResId != 0;
if (hasThemeOverride) {
context = new ContextThemeWrapper(context, themeResId);
}
ta.recycle();
//include标签中没有设置layout属性,会抛出异常
int layout = attrs.getAttributeResourceValue(null, ATTR_LAYOUT, 0);
if (layout == 0) {
final String value = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, ATTR_LAYOUT);
if (value == null || value.length() <= 0) {
throw new InflateException("You must specify a layout in the"
+ " include tag: <include layout=\"@layout/layoutID\" />");
}
layout = context.getResources().getIdentifier(
value.substring(1), "attr", context.getPackageName());
}
// 这里可能会出现layout是从theme里引用的情况
if (mTempValue == null) {
mTempValue = new TypedValue();
}
if (layout != 0 && context.getTheme().resolveAttribute(layout, mTempValue, true)) {
layout = mTempValue.resourceId;
}
if (layout == 0) {
final String value = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, ATTR_LAYOUT);
throw new InflateException("You must specify a valid layout "
+ "reference. The layout ID " + value + " is not valid.");
} else {
final XmlResourceParser childParser = context.getResources().getLayout(layout);
try {
final AttributeSet childAttrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(childParser);
while ((type = childParser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&
type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
// Empty.
}
if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
throw new InflateException(childParser.getPositionDescription() +
": No start tag found!");
}
final String childName = childParser.getName();
if (TAG_MERGE.equals(childName)) {
// The <merge> tag doesn't support android:theme, so
// nothing special to do here.
rInflate(childParser, parent, context, childAttrs, false);
} else {
final View view = createViewFromTag(parent, childName,
context, childAttrs, hasThemeOverride);
final ViewGroup group = (ViewGroup) parent;
final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(
attrs, R.styleable.Include);
final int id = a.getResourceId(R.styleable.Include_id, View.NO_ID);
final int visibility = a.getInt(R.styleable.Include_visibility, -1);
a.recycle();
// We try to load the layout params set in the <include /> tag.
// If the parent can't generate layout params (ex. missing width
// or height for the framework ViewGroups, though this is not
// necessarily true of all ViewGroups) then we expect it to throw
// a runtime exception.
// We catch this exception and set localParams accordingly: true
// means we successfully loaded layout params from the <include>
// tag, false means we need to rely on the included layout params.
//大意是从include标签里load layoutParams时,
//在父view拿不到的情况下希望能catch住异常,
//true是正常情况,false是异常情况,
//但是会生成一个localParams给设置上去。
ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;
try {
params = group.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
// Ignore, just fail over to child attrs.
}
if (params == null) {
params = group.generateLayoutParams(childAttrs);
}
view.setLayoutParams(params);
// Inflate all children.
rInflateChildren(childParser, view, childAttrs, true);
if (id != View.NO_ID) {
view.setId(id);
}
switch (visibility) {
case 0:
view.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
break;
case 1:
view.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
break;
case 2:
view.setVisibility(View.GONE);
break;
}
group.addView(view);
}
} finally {
childParser.close();
}
}
} else {
throw new InflateException("<include /> can only be used inside of a ViewGroup");
}
LayoutInflater.consumeChildElements(parser);
}
merge使用
使用该标签的几种情况:
如果要 include 的子布局的根标签是 Framelayout,那么最好替换为 merge,这样可以减少嵌套;
如果父布局是LinearLayout,include的子布局也是LinearLayout且两者方向一致,也可以用merge减少嵌套,因会忽略merge里的方向属性;
如果子布局直接以一个控件为根节点,也就是只有一个控件的情况,这时就没必要再使用 merge 包裹了。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<merge xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="heng zhe 1" />
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="heng zhe 2" />
</merge>
merge标签解析
同样在LayoutInflator的rInflate方法里
void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, Context context,
AttributeSet attrs, boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
....这里只关注include标签的解析...
} else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
throw new InflateException("<merge /> must be the root element");
...源码有省略...
}
直接抛出异常,因为merge标签必须做根标签。
说白了其实就是遇到merge标签,那么直接将其中的子元素添加到merge标签父view中,这样就保证了不会引入额外的层级,也同时忽略了merge里的attr属性。
merge标签问题
1.LayoutInflator的inflate方法对与merge标签的处理说明,要被附加的父级view如果为空,但是要求attachToRoot,那么抛出异常,因为根本附加不上去啊。
if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "
+ "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");
}
rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false);
2.<merge /> 只能作为布局的根标签使用;
3.不要使用 <merge /> 作为 ListView Item 的根节点;
4.<merge /> 标签不需要设置属性,写了也不起作用,因为系统会忽略 <merge /> 标签;
5.inflate 以 <merge /> 为根标签的布局时要注意
~5.1必须指定一个父 ViewGroup;
~5.2必须设定 attachToRoot 为 true;
也就是说 inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) 方法的二个参数 root 不能为 null,并且第三参数 attachToRoot 必须传 true
参考资料
Android布局优化之ViewStub、include、merge使用与源码分析
http://www.androidchina.net/2485.html
ViewStub--使用介绍
https://www.jianshu.com/p/175096cd89ac
使用<merge/>标签减少布局层级
https://www.jianshu.com/p/278350aa0048