距离写完上篇讲高考英语中，阅读理解题型做题方法的文字，已经过去两个月了。（原文在此：炮打阅读理解做题方法——我的一张大字报）
那篇文字，只是列举了业内常见的几种错误做题方法。后台有同学和家长朋友们好奇，好几次催着更新。估计也有同行们，等着看我能提出什么更好的办法，解决这个在高考英语中，所占分值最大的难点题型。
既然挖了坑，就必须得填。没两把好使的刷子，谁也也不好意思舔着脸，站出来积极刷墙。
下面就来浅谈一下，针对高考英语阅读理解题型，该怎么做，才能拿到高分，甚至满分。
上篇文章中，列举的错误做题方法，这里不再赘述。但我得再次强调一下，针对第三类做法，也就是常规四类题型分类法，没啥大毛病，可以用。且针对高考英语阅读A篇公告说明类文章，只适合用题文同序法。
这是为什么呢？
首先，我们需要搞明白一个问题：
普天之下，所有文章，无论是由哪种语言写出来的，都必须有理有据。这点，在小学语文的作文课上，老师们应该都强调了很多次。中文如此，英文亦然，其他用任何语言写就的文字，也都是这个道理。
那么问题来了：在一篇文章中，理多还是据多？
一定是据多！且理和据所占比例，遵循传统的二八法则，据为理服务，也为理而存在。
第二个问题：针对高考阅读理解文章，出题时，更多的是就理还是就据提问？
百分之九十五的题，都是就理提问！为什么？因为理重要嘛。
另一个小问题：针对A篇阅读，为什么说传统的四类题型分类法更适合呢？
A篇大多是公告通知类文章，这类文章内容全是据，没有理，当然定位法最合适。
最后一个问题：既然理更重要，出题时也大多是就理提问，那么理在哪里？
抓住了理，等于抓住了文章中心。把每段中心串起来，不就理解了文章大意嘛。文章大意理解了，再做题时，正确答案一定会闪闪发光，至于那些错误选项为什么错，管它呢。
记住一句话：高手只需要知道正确答案为什么对，不需要知道错误选项为什么错。
回到刚才的问题：高考阅读文章中，理到底在哪里？
理，也就是段落中心。第一个必须要看的地方是段首第一到第二句。开宗明义，老外写文章也遵循这个写作逻辑。
除了段首很重要，另一个必须要看的地方是每段的转折处，常以but, yet, however等转折词为标志。做听力时我们知道，转折后才是要听的重点内容，做阅读时同理。
除了段首和转折处，重复处是另一个必须要看的地方。为什么？只有重要的事情才值得重复嘛。出题时也只会就重要的内容出题。
抓住了段首和转折处，再关注下作者再次强调的内容，文章大意就出来了。理解了文章，做题时就没道理再做错。
光说不练假把式。看篇高考真题，就以全国最难的江苏卷举例。
In the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration (含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.
Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.
Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装) it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production, distribution, and use of products - as well as management of the resulting waste - all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start - for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.
In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive (动机) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place? Government’s incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫) that encased your television?
From the government’s point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.
58. By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that _________ .
A. the weight of e-goods is rather small
B. E-waste deserves to be made good use of
C. natural minerals contain more precious metals
D. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste
59. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended _________ .
A. from producers to governments B. from governments to producers
C. from individuals to distributors D. from distributors to governments
60. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The increase in e-waste. B. The creation of e-waste.
C. The seriousness of e-waste. D. The management of e-waste.
句子较长，短时间内不好理解，先看段首，圈重点。
第一段：In the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year.美国很过人扔手机。第二段：Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.电子设备有金银（贵金属）。第三段：Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.电子垃圾有毒。第四段：Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material，原材料垃圾多，看这半句就够了。第五段：The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous.垃圾危险。第六段：In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive (动机) for reducing waste. 这句重点是什么？producer responsibility，谁生产谁负责。最后一段是就生产商负责制的重申。
看懂了吗？串起来再看看：美国人扔手机，电子设备含金银，电子垃圾有毒，原材料垃圾多，垃圾危险，谁生产谁负责。
以上，就是文章大意。
再回过头来看问题。58题问到根据瑞士那项研究报告，作者想告诉我们什么。第二段主要讲电子设备金银多，答案为D项：the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste.
59题电子垃圾处理由谁负责。原文说的很清楚了：生产商负责。答案为B.项：from governments to producers.
60题问文章讲了什么内容。根据主线，文章主要在讲电子垃圾的管理问题，D项The management of e-waste.这句最符合。
所谓的江苏卷高考阅读，也不过如此。这样的例子很多，就不再一一列举了。
方法对了，正确答案一定会闪闪发光。搞定阅读理解，从来不是什么难事。
关于此文，关于高考英语，有任何问题，欢迎后台留言，一起学习提高。
