iOS7.0后苹果提供了自定义转场动画的API,利用这些API我们可以改变 push和pop(navigation非模态),present和dismiss(模态),标签切换(tabbar)的默认转场动画。
主要涉及的API
1、UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning:转场动画协议,实现此协议定义转场的动画行为。
// 定义转场动画的时间
- (NSTimeInterval)transitionDuration:(nullable id <UIViewControllerContextTransitioning>)transitionContext;
// 定义转场动画的行为
- (void)animateTransition:(id <UIViewControllerContextTransitioning>)transitionContext;
2、 UIViewControllerContextTransitioning:转场动画上下文,这个协议定义了转场动画具体参数,控制转场动画的状态,这个协议一般由系统实现,在转场发生时提供给我们使用。
From和To:转场是两个视图控制器(ViewController)的行为,由一个视图控制器切换到另一个视图控制器,原先呈现的视图控制器叫FromViewController,将要呈现的视图控制器叫ToViewController,那么FromViewController的view叫做FromView,ToViewController的view叫做ToView。
对应push和pop来说是两个不同的转场,它们的From和To在两个转场中使相互调换的。
containerView:转场动画完成都是在containerView里面。
3、UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioning:转场的交互协议,用来控制转场动画的状态或进度。
//设置转场进度, 取值范围 [0..1]
- (void)updateInteractiveTransition:(CGFloat)percentComplete;
//完成转场,呈现to
- (void)finishInteractiveTransition;
//取消转场,呈现from
- (void)cancelInteractiveTransition;
4、UIPercentDrivenInteractiveTransition:官方提供的实现UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioning协议的类,可以直接使用。
上面简单的介绍了转场动画涉及的API,这一节主要通过导航控制器的push和pop转场动画来介绍这些自定义转场动画的流程。
push转场动画
1、准备工作:
带有导航控制器的ViewController类,要push到的下一级控制器SecondViewController类。
2、在类HSPushAnimation中实现UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning协议,定义push转场动画行为。
@interface HSPushAnimation : NSObject <UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning>
@end
@implementation HSPushAnimation
//设置转场动画的时长
- (NSTimeInterval)transitionDuration:(id <UIViewControllerContextTransitioning>)transitionContext{
return 2.f;
}
- (void)animateTransition:(id <UIViewControllerContextTransitioning>)transitionContext{
//from
UIViewController *toViewController = [transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextToViewControllerKey];
//to
UIViewController *fromViewController = [transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextFromViewControllerKey];
UIView* toView = nil;
UIView* fromView = nil;
//UITransitionContextFromViewKey和UITransitionContextToViewKey定义在iOS8.0以后的SDK中,所以在iOS8.0以下SDK中将toViewController和fromViewController的view设置给toView和fromView
//iOS8.0 之前和之后view的层次结构发生变化,所以iOS8.0以后UITransitionContextFromViewKey获得view并不是fromViewController的view
if ([transitionContext respondsToSelector:@selector(viewForKey:)]) {
fromView = [transitionContext viewForKey:UITransitionContextFromViewKey];
toView = [transitionContext viewForKey:UITransitionContextToViewKey];
} else {
fromView = fromViewController.view;
toView = toViewController.view;
}
//这个非常重要,将toView加入到containerView中
[[transitionContext containerView] addSubview:toView];
CGFloat width = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width;
CGFloat height = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height;
toView.frame = CGRectMake(width, 0, width, height);
[UIView animateWithDuration:[self transitionDuration:transitionContext] animations:^{
toView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, width, height);
} completion:^(BOOL finished) {
[transitionContext completeTransition:YES];
}];
}
@end
上面代码定义了一个非常简单的动画,toView从左到右覆盖fromView,和系统默认动画一样,只是时间设置的比较长。
转场动画所有要呈现的元素都要放在containerView中,fromView默认已经在containerView中了。
3、指定push要使用的转场动画行为:由于要自定义转场动画所以我们需要指定转场动画行为。push转场的动画行为是由UINavigationControllerDelegate协议指定,所以我们在ViewController设置导航控制器的Delegate:
- (void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated{
[super viewDidAppear:animated];
self.navigationController.delegate = self;
}
实现以下协议,指定动画类:
- (id<UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning>)navigationController:(UINavigationController *)navigationController animationControllerForOperation:(UINavigationControllerOperation)operation fromViewController:(UIViewController *)fromVC toViewController:(UIViewController *)toVC{
if (operation == UINavigationControllerOperationPush) {
return [[HSPushAnimation alloc] init];
}
return nil;
}
这个方法可以分别指定push和pop的动画类,这里我们只定义push动画,所以只要指定UINavigationControllerOperationPush时的动画行为即可。
这样push转场动画就完成了,效果图如下:
pop转场动画
1、pop转场动画和push转场动画类似,在类HSPopAnimation中实现UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning协议。
@implementation HSPopAnimation
- (NSTimeInterval)transitionDuration:(id <UIViewControllerContextTransitioning>)transitionContext{
return 0.5;
}
- (void)animateTransition:(id <UIViewControllerContextTransitioning>)transitionContext{
UIViewController *toViewController = [transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextToViewControllerKey];
UIViewController *fromViewController = [transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextFromViewControllerKey];
UIView* toView = nil;
UIView* fromView = nil;
if ([transitionContext respondsToSelector:@selector(viewForKey:)]) {
fromView = [transitionContext viewForKey:UITransitionContextFromViewKey];
toView = [transitionContext viewForKey:UITransitionContextToViewKey];
} else {
fromView = fromViewController.view;
toView = toViewController.view;
}
//将toView加到fromView的下面,非常重要!!!
[[transitionContext containerView] insertSubview:toView belowSubview:fromView];
CGFloat width = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width;
CGFloat height = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height;
fromView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, width, height);
[UIView animateWithDuration:[self transitionDuration:transitionContext] animations:^{
fromView.frame = CGRectMake(width, 0, width, height);
} completion:^(BOOL finished) {
[transitionContext completeTransition:!transitionContext.transitionWasCancelled];
}];
}
@end
这里pop动画基本和push动画是相反的过程,当然你也可以指定别的方式的动画。
这里from、to和push动画里面的from、to值已经互换了,所以如果将push和pop动画写在一起的话,要特别注意,不过建议将push和pop动画分别定义到不同的类中,方便管理。
2、在SecondViewControlle类中设置导航控制器的Delegate,并实现以下协议:
- (id<UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning>)navigationController:(UINavigationController *)navigationController animationControllerForOperation:(UINavigationControllerOperation)operation fromViewController:(UIViewController *)fromVC toViewController:(UIViewController *)toVC{
if (operation == UINavigationControllerOperationPop) {
return [[HSPopAnimation alloc] init];
}
return nil;
}
pop转场动画就完成了,效果图如下:
可交互转场动画
先来看看可交互转场动画效果
可交互转场动画的实现需要实现UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioning协议,幸好官方给我们提供了UIPercentDrivenInteractiveTransition类可以直接使用,你也可以继承UIPercentDrivenInteractiveTransition来使用。
UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioning协议的功能主要是控制转场动画的状态,即动画完成的百分比,所以只有在转场中才有用。
比如我们通过[self.navigationController popViewControllerAnimated:YES]
触发pop转场动画,然后在转场动画结束之前通过- (void)updateInteractiveTransition:(CGFloat)percentComplete
更改转场动画的完成的百分比,那么转场动画将由实现UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioning的类接管,而不是由定时器管理,之后就可以随意设置动画状态了。
交互动画往往配合手势操作,手势操作产生一序列百分比数通过updateInteractiveTransition方法实时更新转场动画状态。
1、现在添加为SecondViewControlle的view添加手势:
//添加pan手势
UIPanGestureRecognizer * pan = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] init];
[pan addTarget:self action:@selector(panGestureRecognizerAction:)];
[self.view addGestureRecognizer:pan];
2、触发转场动画,通过手势产生百分比数值,更新转场动画状态:
- (void)panGestureRecognizerAction:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)pan{
//产生百分比
CGFloat process = [pan translationInView:self.view].x / ([UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width);
process = MIN(1.0,(MAX(0.0, process)));
if (pan.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan) {
self.interactiveTransition = [UIPercentDrivenInteractiveTransition new];
//触发pop转场动画
[self.navigationController popViewControllerAnimated:YES];
}else if (pan.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged){
[self.interactiveTransition updateInteractiveTransition:process];
}else if (pan.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded
|| pan.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled){
if (process > 0.5) {
[ self.interactiveTransition finishInteractiveTransition];
}else{
[ self.interactiveTransition cancelInteractiveTransition];
}
self.interactiveTransition = nil;
}
}
手势开始状态:手势开始时创建UIPercentDrivenInteractiveTransition对象,通过popViewControllerAnimated方法触发转场动画。
手势变化状态:通过计算得到的百分比实时更新转场动画的状态。
手势取消或者结束状态:根据完成的百分比决定是否完成转场或者取消转场。
3、开始转场动画时,就需要指定一个实现UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioning协议的对象来控制转场动画的状态,否则转场动画状态由定时器管理。在SecondViewControlle类中,我们通过UINavigationControllerDelegate协议将interactiveTransition对象传给UIKit:
- (void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated{
[super viewDidAppear:animated];
self.navigationController.delegate = self;
}
- (id<UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioning>)navigationController:(UINavigationController *)navigationController interactionControllerForAnimationController:(id<UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning>)animationController{
if ([animationController isKindOfClass:[HSPopAnimation class]]) {
return self.interactiveTransition;
}
return nil;
}
以上步骤就将pop的可交互转场动画完成了。
push和pop转场动画基本流程
Note:
- 动画的状态和转场的状态是不一样的,动画完成后,不代表转场完成,所以我们要在动画的completion里面决定是否完成转场:[transitionContext completeTransition:!transitionContext.transitionWasCancelled];
- 转场是一个过程,所有的动画都在containerView里面完成。
- 不需要交互的转场interactionControllerForAnimationController方法一定要返回nil
✨文章的源码将在完成完成下篇present和dismiss动画时候上传。
本文作为读书笔记,不是科普读物,所以知识有可能理解错误,如有请您不吝赐教。
Demo地址:https://github.com/cnthinkcode/HSPresentTransitionDemo