Section 1.Radar and Satellite Navigation (30060)- MSc assignment 2018-19The assignment forms 50% of the final mark.1. In this group assignment, each group should prepare a combined, brief report presented ina scientific paper format and style on a specific topic of radar systems analysis. The formatof the essay is specified in Section 3 of this document, and all submitted assignmentsshould have the same structure.2. Each student within each group will have an individual task, taken from Section 2 of thisdocument, and should develop a computer model of an appropriate system anddemonstrate the computer simulation results as well as analytical analysis and theircomparison, where appropriate. The essay will clearly identify which student undertookwhich task, and each student will be assessed based on their task only and not thefull group report.3. Aim: Radar system analysis and modelling. It is assumed that a radar system is beingdesigned for surveillance. As a part of the radar design, computer models for i) targetdetection, ii) the ambiguity function of the radar transmit waveform, and iii) outputs of amatched filter to a target echo at the background of noise should be generated. The outputsof the computer model should be compared to theoretical expectations, and should includeanalyses of simulated vs. predicted results.Objectives: The aim above is to be fulfilled by developing three different computer modelsin MATLAB or/and Simulink, one by each group member, and presenting and analysing thesimulation results. The final simulation results (intermediate ones may be used tostrengthen the quality of the essay, where deemed appropriate) for each task are:i) Target detection: a graph should be presented, with the probability of detection as thevertical axis, signal to noise ratio as the horizontal axis, and the probability of falsealarm as a parameter. On the same graph the result of analytical calculations, e.g.Barton method, could be presented and in the conclusion comparison of modelling andcalculation results should be presented.ii) Ambiguity function: a surface plot should be presented, showing the magnitude of theambiguity function in dB with delay and Doppler as the horizontal/vertical axes. Graphsshowing cross-sections of the ambiguity function at zero range and at zero Dopplershould be presented, and in the conclusion a comparison of the simulated vstheoretically expected range and Doppler resolutions should be given.iii) Matched filtering: two graphs should be presented. The first one should show themagnitude of the matched filter output vs target range as the horizontal axis for a giventarget echo in the absence of noise. The second one should be similar to the first, butfor a given signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the output at the radar receive antennaP a g e | 2assuming additive white gaussian noise. In the conclusion, a comparison of thesimulated vs theoretically expected peak-to-sidelobe ratio and a comparison of thesimulated vs theoretically expected SNR at the output of the matched filter should bepresented. To create these graphs you should first emulate an echo signal from a targetat a given distance, for a single transmit signal, and then apply the appropriate matchedfilter.4. The main text of the essay length for each student should be between 2000 (minimum) and3000 (maximum) words plus tables, figures and, if necessary, appendices according to theattached template. Appendices should include MATLAB code listings, where possible.NOTE: It is expected that all results presented by students are the result of their ownMATLAB code. Results directly obtained from the MATLAB Phased Array Toolboxmay be used at the students’ discretion to cross-check their own results, howeverthey are not acceptable as answers on their own. Therefore, results presentedwithout accompanying codes will receive a 30% penalty.5. In the assignment students should: Demonstrate knowledge in the specific radar system area; Analyse the main technical challenges and performance limitations; Develop a MATLAB or/and Simulink system model; Introduce the simulation results and analyse these results vs analytical results; Formulate the appropriate conclusions; Demonstrate scientific communication skills6. The assessment criteria are detailed on the last page of this documentPlagiarism, which includes, but is not limited to, a failure to acknowledge sources will bepenalised. For further information on plagiarism please see (you may need to log in)https://intranet.birmingham.ac.uk/as/studentservices/conduct/plagiarism/guidancestudents.aspxSubmission: Assignments should be submitted on Canvas, as .pdf files, by 4th March 2019, at14:00. Late submission will be penalised at 5% per day late.Recommended textbooks: The main recommended textbooks areRadar System Analysis and Modeling, by David Barton (any edition);Radar Systems Analysis and Design Using MATLAB, by Bassem R. Mahafza (any edition)“Principles of Modern Radar, vol.1: Basic Principles”, by M. A. Richards, J.A. Scheer, W.A.Holm“Bistatic Radar: Principles and Practice”, by M. Cherniakov, as well as lecture notesP a g e | 3Section 2.The given radar parameters per student group are:1. Chun-Luo Chen, Feng Chen, Yu Cheni) Target detection (Chun-Luo Chen)Detection probability over one scan D=0.8-0.95False alarm probability over one scan F=10-3Number of pulses during the dwell time N=100The target echo experiences slow fluctuationsThe received signal is coherent over the dwell timeii) Ambiguity function (Feng Chen)Transmitted signal is the following M-sequence: 10000011, where logic “1” is 1V and logic “0” is -1VSequence duration: 1usiii) Matched filtering (Yu Chen)Transmitted signal is the following M-sequence: 10000011, where logic “1” is 1V and logic “0” is -1VSequence duration= 1usSNR at the output of the receive antenna = 3 dBTarget is fixed and located 7km away from the radar2. Sandeep Deb, Lei Fu, Cheng Gaoi) Target detection (Sandeep Deb)Detection probability over ten scans D=0.8-0.95False alarm probability over ten scans F=10-3Number of pulses during the dwell time N=30The target echo experiences slow fluctuationsThe received signal is coherent over the dwell timeii) Ambiguity function (Lei Fu)Transmitted signal is the following M-sequence: 10101011, where logic “1” is 2V and logic “0” is -2VSequence duration: 1.5usiii) Matched filtering (Cheng Gao)Transmitted signal is the following M-sequence: 10101011, where logic “1” is 2V and logic “0” is -2VSequence duration: 1.5usSNR at the output of the receive antenna = 6 dBTarget is fixed and located 7.5km away from the radar3. Yuqiang Gui, Bohui Jin, Di Kangi) Target detection (Yuqiang Gui)Detection probability over one scan D=0.8-0.95False alarm probability over one scan F=10-3Number of pulses during the dwell time N=50The target echo experiences slow fluctuationsThe received signal is coherent over 5 pulses reception timeii) Ambiguity function (Bohui Jin)Transmitted signal is the following M-sequence: 10001111, where logic “1” is 0.5V and logic “0” is -0.5VSequence duration: 2usP a g e | 4iii) Matched filtering (Di Kang)Transmitted signal is the following M-sequence: 10001111, where logic “1” is 0.5V and logic “0” is -0.5VSequence duration: 2usSNR at the output of the receive antenna = 7 dBTarget is fixed and located 8km away from the radar4. Anni Li, Wenyue Li, Yaxuan Lii) Target detection (Anni Li)Detection probability over one scan D=0.8-0.95False alarm probability over one scan F=10-4Number of pulses during the dwell time N=100The target echo experiences slow fluctuationsThe received signal is coherent over the dwell timeii) Ambiguity function (Wenyue Li)Transmitted signal is the following M-sequence: 10111001, where logic “1” is 5V and logic “0” is -5VSequence duration: 2.2usiii) Matched filtering (Yaxuan Li)Transmitted signal is the following M-sequence: 10111001, where logic “1” is 1V and logic “0” is -1VSequence duration= 2.2usSNR at the output of the receive antenna = 5 dBTarget is fixed and located 8km away from the radar5. Jiayi Niu, Lianshan Qi , Guanwei Qiui) Target detection (Jiayi Niu)Detection probability over one scan D=0.8-0.95False alarm probability over one scan F=10-4Number of pulses during the dwell time N=30The target echo experiences slow fluctuationsThe received signal is coherent over 10 pulses reception timeii) Ambiguity function (Lianshan Qi)Transmitted signal is the following M-sequence: 10001001, where logic “1” is 3V and logic “0” is -3VSequence duration: 2.2usiii) Matched filtering (Guanwei Qiu)Transmitted signal is the following M-sequence: 10001001, where logic “1” is 3V and logic “0” is -3VSequence duration= 2.2usSNR at the output of the receive antenna = 11 dBTarget is fixed and located 8km away from the radar6. Jingjing Shi, Marcellina Ayudha Titasari , Jingwen Wangi) Target detection (Jingjing Shi)Detection probability over one scan D=0.8-0.95False alarm probability over one scan F=10-4Number of pulses during the dwell time N=30The target echo experiences slow fluctuationsThe received signal is coherent over 5 pulses reception timeP a g e | 5ii) Ambiguity function (Marcellina Ayudha Titasari)Transmitted signal is the following M-sequence: 11100101, where logic “1” is 3V and logic “0” is -3VSequence duration: 2.5usiii) Matched filtering (Jingwen Wang)Transmitted signal is the following M-sequence: 11100101, where logic “1” is 3V and logic “0” is -3VSequence duration= 2.5usSNR at the output of the receive antenna = 10 dBTarget is fixed and located 10km away from the radar7. Yaoxuan Wang, Zhangya Wang, Hui Yuani) Target detection (Yaoxuan Wang)Detection probability over one scan D=0.8-0.95False alarm probability over one scan F=10-5Number of pulses during the dwell time N=60The target echo experiences slow fluctuationsThe received signal is coherent over the dwell timeii) Ambiguity function (Zhangya Wang)Transmitted signal is the following M-sequence: 11001011, where logic “1” is 2V and logic “0” is -2VSequence duration: 2usiii) Matched filtering (Hui Yuan)Transmitted signal is the following M-sequence: 11001011, where logic “1” is 2V and logic “0” is -2VSequence duration= 2usSNR at the output of the receive antenna = 9 dBTarget is fixed and located 10km away from the radar8. Puteri Zakaria, Xiaokang Zhang, Xin Zhangi) Target detection (Puteri Zakaria)Detection probability over one scan D=0.8-0.95False alarm probability over one scan F=10-5Number of pulses during the dwell time N=100The target echo experiences slow fluctuationsThe received signal is coherent over 5 pulses reception timeii) Ambiguity function (Xiaokang Zhang)Transmitted signal is the following M-sequence: 10100111, where logic “1” is 5V and logic “0” is -5VSequence duration: 3usiii) Matched filtering (Xin Zhang)Transmitted signal is the following M-sequence: 10100111, where logic “1” is 5V and logic “0” is -5VSequence duration= 3usSNR at the output of the receive antenna = 5 dBTarget is fixed and located 11km away from the radarP a g e | 69. Yu Zhang, Rui Zhao, Hongyan Zhui) Target detection (Yu Zhang)Detection probability over one scan D=0.8-0.95False alarm probability over one scan F=10-5Number of pulses during the dwell time N=80The target echo experiences slow fluctuationsThe received signal is coherent over 10 pulses reception timeii) Ambiguity function (Rui Zhao)Transmitted signal is the following M-sequence: 10010001, where logic “1” is 1V and logic “0” is -1VSequence duration: 1.5usiii) Matched filtering (Hongyan Zhu)Transmitted signal is the following M-sequence: 10010001, where logic “1” is 1V and logic “0” is -1VSequence duration= 1.5usSNR at the output of the receive antenna = 8 dBTarget is fixed and located 9.5km away from the radar10. Tongyue Zhu, Xunyu Zuoi) Target detection (Tongyue Zhu)Detection probability over one scan D=0.8-0.95False alarm probability over one scan F=10-5Number of pulses during the dwell time N=40The target echo experiences slow fluctuationsThe received signal is coherent over the dwell timeii) Ambiguity function (Xunyu Zuo)Transmitted signal is the following M-sequence: 11010011, where logic “1” is 5V and logic “0” is -5VSequence duration: 4usP a g e | 7Section 3.Template: MSc assignment Radar and Satellite Navigation, corresponds to the template of paperssubmission to IEEE transactions journal (single-column format).Abstract—(Arial 9) These instructions give you guidelines for preparing papers for IEEE TRANSACTIONS and JOURNALS.Use this document as a template if you are using Microsoft Word 6.0 or later. Otherwise, use this document as an instructionset. The electronic file of your paper will be formatted further at IEEE. Define all symbols used in the abstract. Do not citereferences in the abstract. Do not delete the blank line immediately above the abstract; it sets the footnote at the bottom of thiscolumn.Keywords – (Arial 9) e.g. communication systems, bit error rate, etc.I Introduction (from this point all the text body is in Aerial 10, titles Aerial 11, bold, subtitles Aerial 11,Italic )HIS document is a template for Microsoft Word versions 6.0 or later.If your paper is intended for a conference, please contact your conference editor concerning acceptable wordprocessor formats for your particular conference. When you open TRANS-JOUR.DOC, select “Page Layout”from the “View” menu in the menu bar (View | Page Layout), which allows you to see the footnotes. Then, type oversections of TRANS-JOUR.DOC or cut and paste from another document and use markup styles. The pull-downstyle menu is at the left of the Formatting Toolbar at the top of your Word window (for example, the style at thispoint in the document is “Text”). 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If you created your source files in one of the following you will be able to submitManuscript received October 9, 2001. (Write the date on which you submitted your paper for review.) This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department ofCommerce under Grant BS123456 (sponsor and financial support acknowledgment goes here). Paper titles should be written in uppercase and lowercase letters, not alluppercase. Avoid writing long formulas with subscripts in the title; short formulas that identify the elements are fine (e.g., Nd–Fe–B). Do not write “(Invited)” in thetitle. Full names of authors are preferred in the author field, but are not required. Put a space between authors’ initials.F. A. Author is with the National 代写MSc留学生作业、代做Satellite Navigation作业、代做Python，c/c++编程作业、代写JavInstitute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 USA (corresponding author to provide phone: 303-555-5555; fax: 303-555-5555; e-mail: author@ boulder.nist.gov).S. B. Author, Jr., was with Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA. He is now with the Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523USA (e-mail: author@lamar.colostate.edu).T. C. Author is with the Electrical Engineering Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, on leave from the National Research Institute forMetals, Tsukuba, Japan (e-mail: author@nrim.go.jp).Radar System Design and AnalysisStudent names, ID numbers and the date of submissionTP a g e | 8the graphics without converting to a PS, EPS, or TIFF file: Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Excel,or Portable Document Format (PDF).III Electronic Image Files (Optional)Import your source files in one of the following: Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Excel, orPortable Document Format (PDF); you will be able to submit the graphics without converting to a PS, EPS, or TIFFfiles. Image quality is very important to how yours graphics will reproduce. 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If we cannotachieve a satisfactory color match using the electronic version of your files, we will have your hard copy scanned.Any of the files types you provide will be converted to RGB color EPS files.E. Web Color GraphicsIEEE accepts color graphics in the following formats: EPS, PS, TIFF, Word, PowerPoint, Excel, and PDF. Theresolution of a RGB color TIFF file should be at least 400 dpi.Your color graphic will be converted to grayscale if no separate grayscale file is provided. If a graphic is to appearin print as black and white, it should be saved and submitted as a black and white file. If a graphic is to appear inprint or on IEEE Xplore in color, it should be submitted as RGB color.F. Graphics Checker ToolThe IEEE Graphics Checker Tool enables users to check graphic files. The tool will check journal article graphicfiles against a set of rules for compliance with IEEE requirements. These requirements are designed to ensuresufficient image quality so they will look acceptable in print. After receiving a graphic or a set of graphics, the toolwill check the files against a set of rules. A report will then be e-mailed listing each graphic and whether it met orfailed to meet the requirements. If the file fails, a description of why and instructions on how to correct the problem P a g e | 9will be sent. The IEEE Graphics Checker Tool is available at http://graphicsqc.ieee.org/For more Information, contact the IEEE Graphics H-E-L-P Desk by e-mail at graphics@ieee.org. You will thenreceive an e-mail response and sometimes a request for a sample graphic for us to check.IV MATHIf you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation Editor or the MathType add-on(http://www.mathtype.com) for equations in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New | Microsoft Equation orMathType Equation). “Float over text” should not be selected.VUnitsUse either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are strongly encouraged.) English units may be used assecondary units (in parentheses). This applies to papers in data storage. For example, write “15 Gb/cm2(100Gb/in2).” An exception is when English units are used as identifiers in trade, such as “3?-in disk drive.” Avoidcombining SI and CGS units, such as current in amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. This often leads toconfusion because equations do not balance dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, clearly state the units foreach quantity in an equation.The SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m. However, if you wish to use units of T, either refer to magneticflux density B or magnetic field strength symbolized as μ0H. Use the center dot to separate compound units, e.g.,“A·m2.”VI Helpful HintsA. Figures and TablesBecause IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper, you do not need to position figures and tables at the topand bottom of each column. In fact, all figures, figure captions, and tables can be at the end of the paper. Largefigures and tables may span both columns. Place figure captions below the figures; place table titles above thetables. If your figure has two parts, include the labels “(a)” and “(b)” as part of the artwork. Please verify that thefigures and tables you mention in the text actually exist. Please do not include captions as part of the figures.Do not put captions in “text boxes” linked to the figures. Do not put borders around the outside of yourfigures. Use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at the beginning of a sentence. 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As in Fig. 1, for example, write “Magnetization (A/m)” or “Magnetization (Am1),” not just “A/m.” Do not labelaxes with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, write “Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.”Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write “Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (103 A/m).” Do not write“Magnetization (A/m) ? 1000” because the reader would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant 16000A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be legible, approximately 8 to 12 point type.B. ReferencesNumber citations consecutively in square brackets [1]. The sentence punctuation follows the brackets [2]. Multiplereferences [2], [3] are each numbered with separate brackets [1]–[3]. When citing a section in a book, please givethe relevant page numbers [2]. In sentences, refer simply to the reference number, as in [3]. Do not use “Ref. [3]” or“reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence: “Reference [3] shows ... .” Please do not use automaticendnotes in Word, rather, type the reference list at the end of the paper using the “References” style.Number footnotes separately in superscripts (Insert | Footnote).1 Place the actual footnote at the bottom of thecolumn in which it is cited; do not put footnotes in the reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (see1It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the unnumbered footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to integrate the footnoteinformation into the text.P a g e | 10Table I).Please note that the references at the end of this document are in the preferred referencing style. Give allauthors’ names; do not use “et al.” unless there are six authors or more. Use a space after authors’ initials. Papersthat have not been published should be cited as “unpublished” [4]. Papers that have been accepted for publication,but not yet specified for an issue should be cited as “to be published” [5]. Papers that have been submitted forpublication should be cited as “submitted for publication” [6]. Please give affiliations and addresses for privatecommunications [7].Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for proper nouns and element symbols. For papers publishedin translation journals, please give the English citation first, followed by the original foreign-language citation [8].C. Abbreviations and AcronymsDefine abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are used in the text, even after they have already beendefined in the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc do not have to be defined. Abbreviations thatincorporate periods should not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N. R. S.” Do not use abbreviations in the titleunless they are unavoidable (for example, “IEEE” in the title of this article).D EquationsNumber equations consecutively with equation numbers in parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). Firstuse the equation editor to create the equation. Then select the “Equation” markup style. Press the tab key and writethe equation number in parentheses. To make your equations more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the expfunction, or appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to avoid ambiguities in denominators. Punctuate equationswhen they are part of a sentence, as inexp( | |) ( ) ( ) .(1)Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined before the equation appears or immediatelyfollowing. Italicize symbols (T might refer to temperature, but T is the unit tesla). Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or“equation (1),” except at the beginning of a sentence: “Equation (1) is ... .”VII Other RecommendationsUse one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate complex modifiers: “zero-field-cooled magnetization.” Avoiddangling participles, such as, “Using (1), the potential was calculated.” [It is not clear who or what used (1).] Writeinstead, “The potential was calculated by using (1),” or “Using (1), we calculated the potential.”Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use “cm3,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm ?0.2 cm,” not “0.1 ? 0.2 cm2.” The abbreviation for “seconds” is “s,” not “sec.” Do not mix complete spellings andabbreviations of units: use “Wb/m2” or “webers per square meter,” not “webers/m2.” When expressing a range ofvalues, write “7 to 9” or “7-9,” not “7~9.”A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (Aparenthetical sentence is punctuated within the parentheses.) 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The subscript for the permeability of vacuum μ0 is zero, not a lowercaseletter “o.” The term for residual magnetization is “remanence”; the adjective is “remanent”; do not write “remnance”or “remnant.” Use the word “micrometer” instead of “micron.” A graph within a graph is an “inset,” not an “insert.”The word “alternatively” is preferred to the word “alternately” (unless you really mean something that alternates).Use the word “whereas” instead of “while” (unless you are referring to simultaneous events). 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The abbreviation “i.e.,” means “that is,” and the abbreviation “e.g.,” means “for example” (theseabbreviations are not italicized).An excellent style manual and source of information for science writers is [9]. A general IEEE style guide and anInformation for Authors are both available at http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.htmlIX Publication PrinciplesThe contents of IEEE TRANSACTIONS and JOURNALS are peer-reviewed and archival. The TRANSACTIONS publishesscholarly articles of archival value as well as tutorial expositions and critical reviews of classical subjects and topicsof current interest.Authors should consider the following points:1) Technical pape转自：http://ass.3daixie.com/2019030313233530.html