[TOC]
本章介绍 KVC 的常见用法
准备条件
- SRPerson 类
typedef struct {
float x, y, z;
} ThreeFloats;
@interface SRPerson : NSObject
{
@public
NSString* myName;
}
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *array;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableArray *mArray;
@property (nonatomic, assign) int age;
@property (nonatomic) ThreeFloats threeFloats;
@property (nonatomic, strong) SRStudent *student;
@end
- SRStudent 类
@interface SRStudent : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *subject;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *nick;
@property (nonatomic, assign) int age;
@property (nonatomic, assign) int length;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableArray *penArr;
@end
一般 setter 方法
- 测试代码
person.name = @"SR_Name";
person.age = 18;
person->myName = @"My_Name";
NSLog(@"%@", person);
- 输出
[myName] : My_Name
[name] : SR_Name
[array] : (null)
[mArray] : (null)
[age] : 18
[threeFloats] : 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000
[student] : (null)
1. Key-Value Coding (KVC) : 基本类型
- 测试代码
[person setValue:@"KVC_Name" forKey:@"name"];
[person setValue:@19 forKey:@"age"];
[person setValue:@"KVC_My_Name" forKey:@"myName"];
NSLog(@"%@", person);
- 输出
[myName] : KVC_My_Name
[name] : KVC_Name
[array] : (null)
[mArray] : (null)
[age] : 19
[threeFloats] : 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000
[student] : (null)
2. KVC 集合类型
- 测试代码
person.array = @[@"1", @"2", @"3"];
NSLog(@"%@", person);
// 更改 array 的值 : 通过修改 array
NSArray* tempArr1 = [person valueForKey:@"array"];
tempArr1 = @[@"110", @"2", @"3"];
[person setValue:tempArr1 forKey:@"array"];
NSLog(@"%@", person);
// 更改 array 的值 : 通过 KVC 的方式
NSMutableArray* tempArr2 = [person mutableArrayValueForKey:@"array"];
tempArr2[0] = @"120";
NSLog(@"%@", person);
- 输出
[myName] : KVC_My_Name
[name] : KVC_Name
[array] : (
1,
2,
3
)
[mArray] : (null)
[age] : 19
[threeFloats] : 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000
[student] : (null)
[myName] : KVC_My_Name
[name] : KVC_Name
[array] : (
110,
2,
3
)
[mArray] : (null)
[age] : 19
[threeFloats] : 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000
[student] : (null)
[myName] : KVC_My_Name
[name] : KVC_Name
[array] : (
120,
2,
3
)
[mArray] : (null)
[age] : 19
[threeFloats] : 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000
[student] : (null)
3. 集合操作符
3.1 集合操作符 : 字典操作
- 测试代码
- (void)dictionaryTest {
NSDictionary* dict = @{
@"name" : @"dict_name",
@"nick" : @"dn",
@"subject" : @"iOS",
@"age" : @18,
@"length" : @188
};
SRStudent* student = [[SRStudent alloc] init];
// 字典转模型
[student setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict];
NSLog(@"%@", student);
// 键数组转模型到字典
NSArray* keyArr = @[@"name", @"age"];
NSDictionary* dic = [student dictionaryWithValuesForKeys:keyArr];
NSLog(@"dic : %@", dic);
}
- 输出
2020-06-23 13:44:15.364904+0800 001--KVC初探[9196:195892] SRStudent
[name] : dict_name
[subject] : iOS
[nick] : dn
[age] : 18
[length] : 188
[penArr] : (null)
2020-06-23 13:44:15.365225+0800 001--KVC初探[9196:195892] dic : {
age = 18;
name = "dict_name";
}
3.2 集合操作符 : KVC消息传递
- 测试代码
- (void)arrayMessagePass {
NSArray* array = @[@"ZhangSan", @"LiSi", @"WangWu"];
// 获取 value 的长度 : length
NSArray* lenStr = [array valueForKeyPath:@"length"];
NSLog(@"lenStr : %@", lenStr);
// 将 value 转成小写字母 : lowercaseString
NSArray* lowStr = [array valueForKeyPath:@"lowercaseString"];
NSLog(@"lowStr : %@", lowStr);
}
- 输出
2020-06-23 13:44:15.365425+0800 001--KVC初探[9196:195892] lenStr : (
8,
4,
6
)
2020-06-23 13:44:15.365533+0800 001--KVC初探[9196:195892] lowStr : (
zhangsan,
lisi,
wangwu
)
3.3 集合操作符 : 集合操作符
- 测试代码
// @avg : 平均数
// @count : 计数
// @max : 最大值
// @min : 最小值
// @sum : 求和
- (void)aggregationOperator {
NSMutableArray* sArr = [NSMutableArray array];
for (int i=0; i<6; i++) {
SRStudent* s = [SRStudent new];
NSDictionary* dict = @{
@"name" : @"xiaoming",
@"age" : @(18+i),
@"nick" : @"dabai",
@"length" : @(180 + 2*arc4random_uniform(5)),
};
[s setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict];
[sArr addObject:s];
}
NSLog(@"length >>>> %@", [sArr valueForKey:@"length"]);
float avg = [[sArr valueForKeyPath:@"@avg.length"] floatValue];
NSLog(@"avg : %f", avg);
int count = [[sArr valueForKeyPath:@"@count.length"] intValue];
NSLog(@"count : %d", count);
int max = [[sArr valueForKeyPath:@"@max.length"] intValue];
NSLog(@"max : %d", max);
int min = [[sArr valueForKeyPath:@"@min.length"] intValue];
NSLog(@"min : %d", min);
int sum = [[sArr valueForKeyPath:@"@sum.length"] intValue];
NSLog(@"sumsum : %d", sum);
}
- 输出
2020-06-23 13:44:15.365670+0800 001--KVC初探[9196:195892] length >>>> (
184,
180,
188,
186,
186,
184
)
2020-06-23 13:44:15.366726+0800 001--KVC初探[9196:195892] avg : 184.666672
2020-06-23 13:44:15.366918+0800 001--KVC初探[9196:195892] count : 6
2020-06-23 13:44:15.367035+0800 001--KVC初探[9196:195892] max : 188
2020-06-23 13:44:15.367305+0800 001--KVC初探[9196:195892] min : 180
2020-06-23 13:44:15.367608+0800 001--KVC初探[9196:195892] sumsum : 1108
3.4 数组操作符 @distinctUnionOfObjects @unionOfObjects
- 测试代码
- (void)arrayOperator {
NSMutableArray* sArr = [NSMutableArray array];
for (int i=0; i<6; i++) {
SRStudent* s = [SRStudent new];
NSDictionary* dict = @{
@"name" : @"xiaoming",
@"age" : @(18+i),
@"nick" : @"dabai",
@"length" : @(180 + 2*arc4random_uniform(5)),
};
[s setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict];
[sArr addObject:s];
}
NSLog(@"length >>>> %@", [sArr valueForKey:@"length"]);
// 返回操作对象指定属性的集合
NSArray* arr1 = [sArr valueForKeyPath:@"@unionOfObjects.length"];
NSLog(@"unionOfObjects arr : %@", arr1);
// 返回操作对象指定属性的集合 -- 去重
NSArray* arr2 = [sArr valueForKeyPath:@"@distinctUnionOfObjects.length"];
NSLog(@"distinctUnioOfObjects arr : %@", arr2);
}
- 输出
2020-06-23 13:44:15.368240+0800 001--KVC初探[9196:195892] length >>>> (
180,
182,
180,
182,
184,
188
)
2020-06-23 13:44:15.368883+0800 001--KVC初探[9196:195892] unionOfObjects arr : (
180,
182,
180,
182,
184,
188
)
2020-06-23 13:44:15.369436+0800 001--KVC初探[9196:195892] distinctUnioOfObjects arr : (
182,
188,
184,
180
)
3.5 嵌套集合(array&set)操作 @distinctUnionOfArrays @unionOfArrays @distinctUnionOfSets
- 测试代码
- (void)arrayNesting {
NSMutableArray* sArr1 = [NSMutableArray array];
for (int i=0; i<6; i++) {
SRStudent* s = [SRStudent new];
NSDictionary* dict = @{
@"name" : @"xiaoming",
@"age" : @(18+i),
@"nick" : @"dabai",
@"length" : @(180 + 2*arc4random_uniform(5)),
};
[s setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict];
[sArr1 addObject:s];
}
NSMutableArray* sArr2 = [NSMutableArray array];
for (int i=0; i<6; i++) {
SRStudent* s = [SRStudent new];
NSDictionary* dict = @{
@"name" : @"xiaohei",
@"age" : @(18+i),
@"nick" : @"didi",
@"length" : @(180 + 2*arc4random_uniform(5)),
};
[s setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict];
[sArr2 addObject:s];
}
// 嵌套数组
NSArray* nestArr = @[sArr1, sArr2];
NSLog(@"nestArr : %@", nestArr);
// 返回操作对象指定属性的集合
NSArray* arr1 = [nestArr valueForKeyPath:@"@unionOfArrays.length"];
NSLog(@"arr1 : %@", arr1);
// 返回操作对象指定属性的集合 -- 去重
NSArray* arr2 = [nestArr valueForKeyPath:@"@distinctUnionOfArrays.length"];
NSLog(@"arr : %@", arr2);
}
- 输出
2020-06-23 13:47:02.717828+0800 001--KVC初探[9271:198128] arr1 : (
184,
184,
188,
180,
182,
186,
182,
180,
188,
180,
188,
180
)
2020-06-23 13:47:02.718036+0800 001--KVC初探[9271:198128] arr : (
184,
182,
180,
188,
186
)
- 测试代码
- (void)setNesting {
NSMutableSet* sSet1 = [NSMutableSet set];
for (int i=0; i<6; i++) {
SRStudent* s = [SRStudent new];
NSDictionary* dict = @{
@"name" : @"xiaoming",
@"age" : @(18+i),
@"nick" : @"dabai",
@"length" : @(180 + 2*arc4random_uniform(5)),
};
[s setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict];
[sSet1 addObject:s];
}
NSMutableSet* sSet2 = [NSMutableSet set];
for (int i=0; i<6; i++) {
SRStudent* s = [SRStudent new];
NSDictionary* dict = @{
@"name" : @"xiaohei",
@"age" : @(18+i),
@"nick" : @"didi",
@"length" : @(180 + 2*arc4random_uniform(5)),
};
[s setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict];
[sSet2 addObject:s];
}
NSLog(@"set1.length : %@", [sSet1 valueForKey:@"length"]);
NSLog(@"set2.length : %@", [sSet2 valueForKey:@"length"]);
// 嵌套数组
NSSet* nestSet = [NSSet setWithObjects:sSet1, sSet2, nil];
// 返回操作对象指定属性的集合 -- 并集
NSArray* arr2 = [nestSet valueForKeyPath:@"@distinctUnionOfSets.length"];
NSLog(@"arr : %@", arr2);
}
- 输出
2020-06-23 13:47:02.718341+0800 001--KVC初探[9271:198128] set1.length : {(
182,
188,
184,
186
)}
2020-06-23 13:47:02.718501+0800 001--KVC初探[9271:198128] set2.length : {(
182,
188,
184,
180
)}
2020-06-23 13:47:02.718725+0800 001--KVC初探[9271:198128] arr : {(
182,
188,
184,
180,
186
)}
3.6 array取值
- 测试代码
- (void)arrayGetValueDemo {
SRStudent* student = [SRStudent new];
student.penArr = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"pen0", @"pen1", @"pen2", @"pen3", nil];
// 这里有问题
// NSArray* arr = [student valueForKey:@"pens"];
// NSLog(@"pens : %@", arr);
NSEnumerator* enumerator = [student.penArr objectEnumerator];
NSString* str = nil;
while (str = [enumerator nextObject]) {
NSLog(@"str : %@", str);
}
}
- 输出
2020-06-23 13:47:02.728408+0800 001--KVC初探[9271:198128] str : pen0
2020-06-23 13:47:02.728576+0800 001--KVC初探[9271:198128] str : pen1
2020-06-23 13:47:02.728682+0800 001--KVC初探[9271:198128] str : pen2
2020-06-23 13:47:02.728816+0800 001--KVC初探[9271:198128] str : pen3
4. KVC : 访问非对象属性
- 测试代码
// 设置 值
ThreeFloats floats = {1., 2., 3.};
NSValue* value = [NSValue valueWithBytes:&floats objCType:@encode(ThreeFloats)];
[person setValue:value forKey:@"threeFloats"];
NSLog(@"%@", person);
// 取值
NSValue* result = [person valueForKey:@"threeFloats"];
NSLog(@"value : %@", result);
ThreeFloats retTh;
[result getValue:&retTh];
NSLog(@"th x:%f, y:%f, z:%f", retTh.x, retTh.y, retTh.z);
- 输出
[myName] : KVC_My_Name
[name] : KVC_Name
[array] : (
120,
2,
3
)
[mArray] : (null)
[age] : 19
[threeFloats] : 1.000000, 2.000000, 3.000000
[student] : (null)
value : {length = 12, bytes = 0x0000803f0000004000004040}
th x:1.000000, y:2.000000, z:3.000000