1. ecpp-02_PreferIOStream： 首选Prefer iostream.h 而非 stdio.h，使用>> <<而不是scanf/printf
2. ecpp-03_NewInsteadMalloc： 使用new代替malloc， delete代替free。new和delete可以处理构造函数和析构函数
3. ecpp-05_FormOfNewAndDelete：new 和delete要配对使用
new 数据类型--------------------------------->delete p
new 数据类型（初始值）------------------->delete p
new 数据类型[常量表达式] --------------> delete p[]
4. ecpp-06_CallDeleteMemberPointer: 在构造函数里new，在析构函数里delete
5. ecpp-07_CheckNewReturnValue： Check the return value of new
6. BenefitsFollowing this rule prevents access to a null pointer when memory is not allocated. When new cannotallocate the requested memory, it will return 0.
Example：
#includevoid main()
{
char *pc;
pc = new char[10*10*10]; // Violation
pc[0] = 'x';
delete [] pc;
}
Repair：
void main()
{
char *pc;
try {
pc = new char[10*10*10];
} catch (std::bad_alloc&) { }
pc[0] = 'x';
delete [] pc;
}
7. ecpp-08_NewAdhereToConvention： 重载new或delete，应该注意什么？
8. ecpp-09_AvoidHidingGlobalNew：Avoid hiding the global new
9. ecpp-10_CallDeleteIfWriteNew：Write delete if you write new、
10. ecpp-11_CopyConstructorAndAssignmentOperator：
Define a copy constructor and operator= for classes with dynamically allocated memory
11. ecpp-11_CopyConstructorAndAssignmentOperator1：
Define a copy constructor and operator= for classes with dynamically allocated memory
This rule detects classes that have dynamically allocated memory but do not define a copy constructor and assignment operator.
12. ecpp-12_PreferInitializationToAssigmentInConstructors：常量初始化列表， 不要写在函数体内赋值。
13. ecpp-14_VirtDestrInBaseClass：在基类中声明析构函数为virtual
14. ecpp-15_AssignmentOperatorRetPntThis：
Have operator= return a reference to *this
15. ecpp-16_AssignmentOperatorForAllMemb：Assign to all data members in operator=
16. ecpp-17_InAssignmentOperatorAssignToSelf： Check for assignment to self in operator=
17. ecpp-19_DifferentiateFunctionKind： Differentiate among member functions, global functions, and friend functions
18. AvoidPublicDataMember: Avoid data members in the public interface
19. ReturnObjectByReference: Pass and return objects by reference instead of by value
20. OperatorShouldReturnAnObject: Don't try to return a reference when you must return an object(This rule detects when you return a reference where you are supposed to return an object. The followingoperators should not return value by reference: a&b , a^b , a|b , ~a , a!=b , a<=b , a=b , a>b , a!b , a&&b , a||b , +a , -a , a%b , a*b , a+b , a-b , a/b.)
21. ZeroConversionProblem:
22. AvoidNonConstAccessToInternalData:
23. AvoidRelaxedAccessToInternalData:
24. DereferencedPointerReturn:
25. LocalVariableAsReturn: Never return a reference to a local object
26. AvoidOverloadNonVirtual: Do not redefine an inherited non-virtual, non-operator function
27. AvoidOverloadNonVirtualTempl
28. AvoidOverloadVirtualAndDef: Do not overload an inherited virtual non-operator functions or
default parameter value
29. AvoidOverloadVirtualAndDefTemp: Do not overload an inherited virtual non-operator functions or
default parameter value
30. AvoidCastsDownTheInheritanceHierarchy: Avoid casts down the inheritance hierarchy
