ORIGINS AND RELATED WORDS 起源及相关词汇
Every word in the English language has a history-- and there ten are no exception. In this section you will learn a good deal more about the words you have been working with; in addition, you will make excursions into many other words allied either in meaning, form, or history to our basic ten.
excursions 美 /ɪk'skɝʒən/ n. 远足，短途旅行（excursion的复数） v. 短足；作旅行（excursion的三单形式）
allied 英 /'ælaɪd; ə'laɪd/ v. 与……结盟，联合（ally 的过去式和过去分词） adj. 结盟的，联盟的；同盟国的；类似的；共存的；有关联的
either or 二者择一的；要么…要么…
1. the ego
Egoist and egotist are build on the same Latin root -- the pronoun ego, meaning 1.1 is the greatest concern in the egoist's mind, the most overused word in the egotist's vocabulary.(Keep the words differentiated in your own mind by thinking of the t in talk, and the additional t in egotist.) Ego itself has been taken over from Latin as an important English word and is commonly used to denote one's concept of oneself, as in, "What do you think your constant criticisms do to my ego?" Ego has also a special meaning in psychology -- but for the moment you have enough problem without going into that.
ego 英 /'iːgəʊ; 'e-/ n. 自我；自负；自我意识 n. (Ego)人名；(日)依怙 (姓)；(法)埃戈 复数 egos
Egoist 英 /'iːɡəʊɪst/ n. 自我主义者；利己主义者
egotist 英 /ˈiːɡətɪst/ n. 自高自大者；言必称“我”者（形容词egotistic，副词egotistically）
pronoun 英 /'prəʊnaʊn/ n. 代词
latin 英 /'lætɪn/ adj. 拉丁语的；拉丁人的 n. 拉丁语；拉丁人
overused adj. 过度使用的 v. 过度使用（overuse的过去分词）
differentiated 英 /ˌdɪfəˈrenʃieɪtɪd/ adj. 分化型；已分化的；可区分的 v. 使有差别（differentiate的过去分词）
denote 英 /dɪ'nəʊt/ vt. 表示，指示 过去式 denoted过去分词 denoted现在分词 denoting
concept 英 /'kɒnsept/ n. 观念，概念
criticisms n. 批评；评论（criticism的复数形式）
psychology 英 /saɪ'kɒlədʒɪ/ n. 心理学；心理状态
If you are an egocentric(ee'-go-SEN'-trik), you consider yourrself the center of the universe -- you are an extreme form of the egoist. And if you are an egomaniac(ee'-go-MAY'-nee-ak),you carry egoism to such an extreme that your needs, desires, and interests have become a morbid obsession, a mania. The egoist or egotis is obnoxious, the egocentric is intolerable, and the egomaniac is dangerous and slightly mad.
egocentric 英 /,egə(ʊ)'sentrɪk; iː-/ adj. [心理] 自我中心的；利己主义的 n. 利己主义者
universe 英 /'juːnɪvɜːs/ n. 宇宙；世界；领域
extreme 英 /ɪk'striːm; ek-/ adj. 极端的；极度的；偏激的；尽头的 n. 极端；末端；最大程度；极端的事物 , 比较级 extremer最高级 extremest
egomaniac 英 /,iːɡəʊ'meɪnjæk/ n. 极端自我主义者；极端利己主义者
egoism 英 /'egəʊɪz(ə)m; 'iː-/ n. 利己主义，自我主义
morbid 英 /'mɔːbɪd/ adj. 病态的；由病引起的；恐怖的；病变部位的
obsession 英 /əb'seʃ(ə)n/ n. 痴迷；困扰；[内科][心理] 强迫观念
obnoxious 英 /əb'nɒkʃəs/ adj. 讨厌的；可憎的；不愉快的 比较级 more obnoxious最高级 most obnoxious
intolerable 英 /ɪn'tɒl(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj. 无法忍受的；难耐的
slightly 英 /'slaɪtlɪ/ adv. 些微地，轻微地；纤细地，瘦小的
mad 英 /mæd/ adj. 疯狂的；发疯的；愚蠢的；着迷的 n. 狂怒 比较级 madder最高级 maddest过去式 madded过去分词 madded现在分词 madding
Egocentric is both a noun("What an egocentric her new roommate is!") and an adjective("He is the most egocentric person I have ever met!").
To derive the adjective form of egomaniac, add -al, a common adjective suffix.Say the adjective aloud:
egomaniacal
noun 英 /naʊn/ n. 名词 n. (Noun)人名；(以)努恩
adjective 英 /'ædʒɪktɪv/ adj. 形容词的；从属的 n. 形容词
derive 英 /dɪ'raɪv/ vt. 源于；得自；获得 vi. 起源 n. (Derive)人名；(法)德里夫
egomaniac 英 /,iːɡəʊ'meɪnjæk/ n. 极端自我主义者；极端利己主义者
aloud 英 /ə'laʊd/ adv. 大声地；出声地
2. others
In Latin, the word for other is alter, and a number of valuable English words are build on this root.
alter 英 /'ɔːltə; 'ɒl-/ vt. 改变，更改 vi. 改变；修改 n. (Alter)人名；
Altruism, the philosophy practiced by altruists, comes from one of the variant spellings of Latin alter, other.Altruistic actions look toward the benefit of others. If you alternate, you skip one and takes the other, so to speak, as when you play golf on alternate Saturdays.
Altruism 英 /'æltrʊɪz(ə)m/ n. 利他；利他主义
philosophy 英 /fɪ'lɒsəfɪ/ n. 哲学；哲理；人生观 复数 philosophies
practiced 英 /'præktist/ adj. 熟练的；有经验的；老练的（等于practised）
altruists /'æltrʊ,ɪst/ n. 爱他主义者；利他主义者
Altruistic 英 /æltrʊ'ɪstɪk/ adj. 利他的；无私心的
alternate 英 /ˈɔ:ltəneɪt;(for adj.)ɔ:lˈtɜ:nət/ v. （使）交替，（使）轮流 adj. 交替的，轮流的；间隔的，每隔（……天等）的；（一或多个事物）另外的，可供选择的；（两者）互不相容的；另类的，非传统的；（叶、芽）互生的 n. 替换物，代理人 过去式 alternated过去分词 alternated现在分词 alternating
An alternate in a debate, contest, or converntion is the other person who will take over if the original choiceis unable to attend. And if you have no alternative, you have no other choise.
debate 英 /dɪ'beɪt/ n. 辩论；（正式的）讨论 v. （尤指正式）讨论，辩论；仔细考虑 过去式 debated过去分词 debated现在分词 debating
contest 英 /'kɒntest/ n. 比赛，竞赛；（控制权或权力的）争夺；争论，争辩，争执 v. 争取赢得（比赛、选举等）；参加（竞争或选举），竞争；争辩，争论；就……提出异议，反驳
alternative 英 /ɔːl'tɜːnətɪv; ɒl-/ adj. 供选择的；选择性的；交替的 n. 二中择一；供替代的选择
attend 英 /ə'tend/ vt. 出席；上（大学等）；照料；招待；陪伴 vi. 出席；致力于；照料；照顾
You see how easy it is to undersand the meanings of there words once you realize that they all come from the same source.And keeping in mind that alter means other, you can quickly understand words like alter ego, altercation, and alteration.
alter ego 英 /,æltə'eɡəu/ n. 密友；个性的另一面；至交
altercation 英 /ɒltə'keɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 争执
alteration 英 /ɔːltə'reɪʃ(ə)n; 'ɒl-/ n. 修改，改变；变更
An alteration is of course a change -- a making into something other.When you alter your plans, you make other plans.
An altercaton is a verbal dispute. When you have an altercation with someone, you have a violent disagreement. a "fight" with words. And why? Because you have other ideas, plans, or opinions than those of the person on the other side of the argument. Altercation, by the way, is stronger than quarrel or dispute -- the sentiment is more heated, the disagreement is likely to be angry or even hot-tempered, there may be recourse, if the disputants are human, to profanity or obscenity.You have altercations, in short, over pretty important issues, and the word implies that you get quite excited.
verbal 英 /'vɜːb(ə)l/ adj. 口头的；言语的；动词的；照字面的 n. 动词的非谓语形式
dispute 英 /dɪ'spjuːt; 'dɪspjuːt/ n. 辩论；争吵；意见不同 v. 辩论；对……进行质疑；争夺；抵抗（进攻）
violent 英 /'vaɪəl(ə)nt/ adj. 暴力的；猛烈的 比较级 more violent最高级 most violent
quarrel 英 /'kwɒr(ə)l/ n. 吵架，口角；反目，失和；争吵（或抱怨）的原因；方头凿，方头投掷物；方镞箭 v. 吵架，争论；反对；挑剔；抱怨
sentiment 英 /'sentɪm(ə)nt/ n. 感情，情绪；情操；观点；多愁善感
heated 英 /'hiːtɪd/ adj. 热的；激昂的；激动的 v. 加热；使兴奋（heat的过去分词）
hot-tempered 英 /'hɔt,tempəd/ adj. 暴躁的；性急的；易怒的
recourse 英 /rɪ'kɔːs/ n. 求援，求助；[经] 追索权；依赖；救生索
disputants 英 /dɪs'pjuːtənt/ n. 争论者，辩论者；竞赛者 adj. 争论的
profanity 英 /prə'fænɪtɪ/ n. 亵渎；不敬的言语
obscenity 英 /əb'senɪtɪ/ n. 猥亵，淫秽；猥亵的言语（或行为）
implies v. 意味着（imply的第三人称单数）；蕴含；暗指
excited 英 /ɪk'saɪtɪd/ adj. 兴奋的；激动的；活跃的 v. 激动；唤起（excite的过去分词）
Alter ego, which combines alter,other, with ego, I, self, generally refers to someone with whom you are so close that you both do the same things, think alike, react similarly, and are, in temperament, almost mirror images of each other. And such friend is your other I, your other self, you alter ego.
alter ego 英 /,æltə'eɡəu/ n. 密友；个性的另一面；至交
react 英 /rɪ'ækt/ vi. 反应，作出反应；产生（化学）反应；
similarly 美 /'sɪməlɚli/ adv. 类似地，差不多地；同样地
temperament 英 /'temp(ə)rəm(ə)nt/ n. 气质，性情，性格；急躁
