UIWebView加载本地HTML5文件
一.准备HTML文件及其资源文件
使用UIWebView加载本地的HTML文件 index.html,在index.html中引用了本地的图片、CSS文件、JS文件以及外部的图片。index.html内容如下
<html> <head> <link href="index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <script type="text/javascript"language="javascript"src="index.js"> </head> <body> <p>This is local Image</p>
<p>this is local image from CSS.</p> <div id="myimage"> </div>
<p>this is external image.</p>
HTML中会显示3张图片,第一张是html从本地读取的图片,第二张是通过CSS从本地读取的图片,第三张是通过绝对地址从外部读取的图片。index.css文件内容如下:
body { padding: 0px; margin: 0px;}p { font-size: 15px; color: #808080; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;} #myimage { background-image: url(SmallSmiley.png); background-repeat: repeat-x;}
index.js文件内容为:
function rewrite(){ document.write("This text was written by an external script!")}
index.js还有引用到了两个本地图片文件:SmallSmiley.png
Smiley.png二.加载本地HTML文件
将html文件及相关资源添加到项目中
然后在代码中可以用两种方法加载。1.第一种方式,使用loadRequest:方法加载本地文件NSURLRequest
NSString* path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"index" ofType:@"html"];NSURL* url = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:path];NSURLRequest* request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url] ;[webView loadRequest:request];
2.第二种方式,使用loadHTMLString:baseURL:加载HTML字符串
NSURL *baseURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath]];NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"index" ofType:@"html"];NSString *html = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:path encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];[webView loadHTMLString:html baseURL:baseURL];
加载后的显示效果如下,本地图片,CSS加载的本地图片,以及外部图片都可以正常显示。
在HTML页面加载完毕后,我们可以使用UIWebView的stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:方法执行JavaScript语句。如下:
- (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView{ [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"rewrite();"];}
三.关于baseURL
loadHTMLString:baseURL:方法的第二个参数是baseURL,baseURL即HTML字符串中引用到资源的查找路径,没有引用外部资源时,可以直接传nil;若引用了外部资源,一般情况下使用mainBundle的路径即可,即
NSURL *baseURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath]];
这是因为,Xcode项目中的文件路径都是虚拟的,在APP中实际不存在,即在APP中,几乎所有的文件都可以从mainBundle根目录下直接访问,当然,例外总是存在的。
在将文件/文件夹加入到项目时,有这样两个选项“Create Folder References for any added folders”和“Recursively create groups for any added folders”。
获取images1目录下文件的代码如下:
NSString* image1Path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"image1"ofType:@"jpg"];NSString* image11Path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"image11"ofType:@"jpg"];
images1和images11目录实际是不存在的,下面代码返回的路径都是nil
NSString* images1Dir = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"images1"ofType:nil];NSString* images11Dir = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"images11"ofType:nil];
对于images2目录以及目录下的文件路径,其在APP中仍然保持了目录关系,就不能用上述方法获取,而且目录路径是真实存在的,应该使用的代码如下:
NSString* images2Path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"image2"ofType:@"jpg"inDirectory:@"images2"];NSString* image22Path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"image22"ofType:@"jpg"inDirectory:@"images2/images22"];NSString* images2Dir = [[NSBundlemainBundle] pathForResource:@"images2"ofType:nil];NSString* images2Dir = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"images22"ofType:nilinDirectory:@"images2"];
还有一种比较特殊的目录是以.bundle为后缀的目录,将其加入到项目是不管选择的是哪个选项,其都会保持其目录结构。
对子bundle的访问,可以通过同images2目录相同的方法访问,但一般情况下是先获取到子Bundle,再通过子Bundle获取到其里面的资源。NSBundle bundle = [NSBundle bundleWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"images" ofType:@"bundle"]];NSString imagebPath = [bundle pathForResource:@"imageb"ofType:@"jpg"];NSString* imagebbPath = [bundle pathForResource:@"imagebb"ofType:@"jpg" inDirectory:@"imagesb"];
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iOS和Android都提供了有关webview和javascript通讯的功能,这就使开发者根据手机的系统展示适合手机的界面,是界面开发更加简单。
我的原型主要实现通过UIWebView展示本地的html、css、javascript文件,并且和ios互相通讯,用来展示数据。
下面是我实现的一个简单demo,界面效果如下:
点击连接调用ios中的提醒功能:
实现过程:
首先创建一个工程,ipad.web1,编译运行成功。
实现webview的代码:
import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@interface ipad_web1ViewController : UIViewController <UIWebViewDelegate>{ IBOutlet UIWebView *myWebView; } @property (nonatomic,retain) UIWebView *myWebView; @end
相应的.m文件:
import "ipad_web1ViewController.h"
@implementation ipad_web1ViewController @synthesize myWebView; - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; self.myWebView.delegate=self; **NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"index" ofType:@"html"]; [myWebView loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath: path]]]; **} - (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)interfaceOrientation { return YES; }
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; }
- (void)viewDidUnload { self.myWebView=nil; }
- (void)dealloc { [self.myWebView release]; [super dealloc]; } #pragma mark – #pragma mark UIWebViewDelegate - (BOOL)webView:(UIWebView *)webView shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest )request navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType)navigationType { ** if ( [request.mainDocumentURL.relativePath isEqualToString:@"/click/false"] ) { NSLog( @"not clicked" ); return false; } if ( [request.mainDocumentURL.relativePath isEqualToString:@"/click/true"] ) { //the image is clicked, variable click is true NSLog( @"image clicked" ); UIAlertView alert=[[UIAlertView alloc]initWithTitle:@"JavaScript called" message:@"You’ve called iPhone provided control from javascript!!" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"Cancel" otherButtonTitles:nil]; [alert show]; [alert release]; return false; } return true; **} - (void)webViewDidStartLoad:(UIWebView *)webView { NSString *title = [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"document.title"]; NSLog(@"title11=%@",title); } - (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView { **NSString *title = [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"document.title"]; NSLog(@"title=%@",title); ** //添加数据 **[myWebView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"var field = document.getElementById('field_2');" "field.value='Multiple statements - OK';"]; ** //[myWebView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"var script = document.createElement('script');" // "script.type = 'text/javascript';" // "script.text = "function myFunction() { " // "var field = document.getElementById('field_3');" // "field.value='Calling function - OK';" // "}";" // "document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(script);"]; // // [myWebView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"myFunction();"]; } - (void)webView:(UIWebView *)webView didFailLoadWithError:(NSError *)error { } @end
最后在Interface Builder中添加UIwebView控件,并且和相应的实体相关联。
*NSString title = [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"document.title"]; NSLog(@"title=%@",title);
主要是获取html文件的title名字。
[myWebView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"var field = document.getElementById('field_2');" "field.value='Multiple statements - OK';"];
添加相应的表单信息。
接下来添加index.html文件:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>How to build an iPhone website</title> <meta name="author" content="will" /> <meta name="copyright" content="copyright 2008 www.engageinteractive.co.uk" /> <meta name="description" content="Welcome to engege interactive on the iPhone!" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0;"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="images/template/engage.png"/> <style type="text/css"> **@import url("layout.css"); ** </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="test.js"></script> </head> <body> <h1>测试</h1> <center><a href="javascript:void(0)" onMouseDown="imageClicked()">click me</a></center> <form> <input id="field_1" type="text" name="value" />
<input id="field_2" type="text" name="value" />
<input id="field_3" type="text" name="value" />
</form> </body> </html>
添加相应的css文件:
body { background-color: #F2F5A9; }
添加相应的js文件:
function imageClicked(){ var clicked=true; window.location="/click/"+clicked; }
运行,点击连接应该不出相应的对话框,说明相应的javascript没有生效。修改办法是打开targets,点击ipad.web1,移动相应的test.js文件到下图即可。