The Psychological Solution-8

"Citizens, you are brothers, yet God has framed you differently. 

Some of you have the power of command; 

and these he has made of gold, wherefore they have the greatest honor; 

wherefore，因此

others of silver, to be auxiliaries; 

others again, who are to be husbandmen and craftsmen, he has made of brass and iron; 

and the species will generally be preserved in the children. 

But as you are of the same original family, a golden parent will sometimes have a silver son, or a silver parent a golden son. 

And God proclaims... that if the son of a golden or a silver parent has an admixture of brass or iron, then nature requires a transposition of ranks; 

and the eye of the ruler must not be pitiful towards his child because he has to descend in the scale to become a husbandman or an artisan, just as there may be others sprung from the artisan class who are raised to honor, and become guardians and auxiliaries. 

For an oracle says that when a man of brass or iron guards the state, it will be destroyed"(415). 

Perhaps with this "royal fable" we shall secure a fairly general consent to the furtherance of our plan. 

But now what of the lucky remnant that ride these successive waves of selection? 

They are taught philosophy. 

They have now reached the age of thirty; 

it would not have been wise to let them "taste the dear delight too early;... for young men, when they first get the taste of philosophy in their mouths, argue for amusement, and are always contradicting and refuting, ... like puppy-dogs who delight to tear and pull at all who come near them"(539). 

This dear delight, philosophy, means two things chiefly: to think clearly, which is metaphysics; and to rule wisely, which is politics.

[ 01’05” ] wherefore (因此) 

[ 01’27” ] husbandmen (农民) 

[ 01’30” ] craftsmen (手艺人) 

[ 02’43” ] rank (阶层) 

[ 03’11” ] descend (下降) 

[ 03’20” ] artisan (同 craftsmen ) 

[ 03’39” ] oracle (神谕，上帝的旨意) 

[ 05’24” ] fable (寓言) 

[ 05’38” ] consent to (同意；满足；赞成) 

[ 05’44” ] furtherance (推进) 

[ 06’13” ] remnant (残余) 

[ 06’23” ] successive (一系列的；连续的)