1.再次运行程序清单4.1，但是在要求输入名字时，请输入名和姓，中间保有一个空格，看看会发生什么？
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define DENSITY 62.4 // human density in lbs per cu ft
int main(){
float weight, volume;
int size, letters;
char name[40]; // name is an array of 40 chars
printf("Hi! What's your first name?\n");
scanf("%s", name);
printf("%s, what's your weight in pounds?\n", name);
scanf("%f", &weight);
size = sizeof name;
letters = strlen(name);
volume = weight / DENSITY;
printf("Well, %s, your volume is %2.2f cubic feet.\n",name, volume);
printf("Also, your first name has %d letters,\n",letters);
printf("and we have %d bytes to store it.\n", size);
return 0;
}
程序不能正常运行，第一个scanf()语句只读取用户输入的名，而用户输入的姓仍留在缓冲区中（缓冲区是用于存储输入的临时存储区）。下一条scang()语句，在输入缓冲区查找重量时，从上次读入结束的地方开始读取。这样就把留在缓冲区的姓作为体重来读取，导致sacnf(）读取失败。另一方面，如果在要求输入姓名时输入Lasha 114，那么程序会把144作为用户的体重（虽然用户是在程序提示输入体重之前输入了144）
2.假设下列事例都是完整程序中的一部分，它们的打印结果分别是什么？
a.
printf("He sold the painting for $%2.2f.\n", 2.345e2);
打印出:He sold the painting for $234.50.
b.
printf("%c%c%c\n", 'H', 105, '\41');
'' 打印出:Hi!
c.
#define Q "His Hamlet was funny without being vulgar."
printf("%s\nhas %d characters.\n", Q, strlen(Q));
打印出：
His Hamlet was funny without being vulgar.
has 42 characters.
d.
printf("Is %2.2e the same as %2.2f?\n", 1201.0, 1201.0);
打印出：Is 1.20e+03 the same as 1201.00?
3在第二题的C中，如果要输出包含双引号的字符串Q，该如何修改?
#define Q "His Hamlet was funny without being vulgar."
printf("\"%s\"\nhas %d characters.\n", Q, strlen(Q));
4找出下面程序中的错误 下面这个已经被我改好了
#include <stdio.h> //缺少这个头文件不可以
define B "booboo"
'' #define X 10
int main() {
int age;
int xp;
char name[40];
'' printf("Please enter your first name.\n");
scanf("%s", name);
printf("All right, %s, what's your age?\n", name);
scanf("%d", &age);
xp = age + X;
printf("That's a %s! You must be at least %d.\n", B, xp);
retrun 0;
}
5.假设一个程序的开头是这样的，
#define BOOK "War and Peace"
int main(void) {
float cost =12.99;
float percent = 80.0;
请构造一个使用BOOK,cost和percent的printf（）语句，打印以下内容:
This copy of "War and Peace" sells for $12.99.
That is 80% of list.
语句应该这么写:
printf("This copy of "%s" sells for $%.2f.\nThat is %.1f%% of list\n",BOOK,cost,percent);
6.打印下列各项内容要分别使用什么转换说明？
- 一个字段宽度与位数相同的十进制整数 %d
- 一个形如8A、字段宽度为4的十六进制整数 %4x
- 一个形如232.346、字段宽度为10的浮点数 %10.3f
- 一个形如2.33e+002、字段宽度为12的浮点数 %12.2e
- 一个字段宽度为30、左对齐的字符串 %-30s
7.打印下面各项内容要分别使用什么转换说明？
a. An unsigned long integer in a field width of 15 %15lu
b. A hexadecimal integer in the form 0x8a in a field width of 4 %#4x
c. A floating-point number in the form 2.33E+02 that is left-justified in a field width of 12 %-12.2E
d. A floating-point number in the form +232.346 in a field width of 10 %+10.3f
e. The first eight characters of a string in a field eight characters wide %8.8s
8. What conversion specification would you use to print each of the following?
a. A decimal integer having a minimum of four digits in a field width of 6 %6.4d
b. An octal integer in a field whose width will be given in the argument list
%oc. A character in a field width of 2 #2c
d. A floating-point number in the form +3.13 in a field width equal to the number of characters in the number %+.2f
e. The first five characters in a string left-justified in a field of width 7
%-7.5s
9. For each of the following input lines, provide a scanf() statement to read it. Also declare any variables or arrays used in the statement.
a. 101
int number; scanf("%d",&number);
b. 22.32 8.34E−09
float kgs,share; scanf("%f%f",&kgs,&share);
c. linguini
char pasta[20]; scanf("%s",pasta);
d. catch 22
char action[20];
int value;
scanf("%s %d",action. &value);
e. catch 22 (but skip over catch)
int value;
scanf("%*s %d",&value);
10. What is whitespace?
空白包括空格、制表符和换行符。C语言使用空白分隔记号。scanf()使用空白分隔连续的输入项。
11.What’s wrong with the following statement and how can you fix it?
printf("The double type is %z bytes..\n", sizeof (double));
%z中的z是修饰符，不是转换字符，所以要在修饰符后面加上一个它修饰的转换字符。可以使用%zd打印十进制数，或用不同的说明符打印不同进制的数，例如，%zx打印十六进制的数。
12. Suppose that you would rather use parentheses than braces in your programs. How well would the following work?
#define ( {
#define ) }
可以是可以的，但是以后你就没有圆括号了，都变成方括号了。
