【Day 15】单词梳理
1.have consequences far beyond its borders
影响远远超出国界
2.stagnate
verb
- to stop developing or making progress停滞，不发展，不进步
e.g. I feel I'm stagnating in this job.
- to be or become stagnant因不流动而变得污浊
e.g. The water in the pond was stagnating.
noun: stagnation
3.hallmark
noun
- a feature or quality that is typical of somebody/something 特征，特点
e.g. Police said the explosion bore all the hallmarks of a terrorist attack. 拥有所有特征
- a mark put on gold, silver and platinum objects that shows the quality of the metal and gives information about when and where the object was made 金银纯度印记
verb
- to put a hallmark on metal goods 打金银纯度印记
4.upheaval
noun
- a big change that causes a lot of confusion, worry and problems. = disruption 激变，巨变，动荡
e.g. I can't face the upheaval of moving house again.
a period of emotional upheaval.
5.insurgent
noun
- a person fighting against the government or armed forces of their own country 起义者，叛乱者，造反者
= rebel
e.g. an attack by armed insurgents
adj
- fighting against the government or armed forces of their own country 叛乱的
= rebellious
e.g. insurgent groups/attacks
6.upstart
noun
暴发户，狂妄自大的新手
start up : 开始，发动
7.reverberate
verb
- (of a sound)to be repeated several times as it is reflected off different surfaces 回响，回荡
= echo
e.g. Her voice reverberated around the hall.
- (of a place)to seem to shake because of a loud noise 震颤，摇晃
e.g. The hall reverberated with the sound of music and dancing.
- to have a strong effect on people for a long time or over a large area 产生深远影响
e.g. Repercussions of the case continue to reverberate through the financial world.
8.allege
verb
- to state something as a fact but without giving proof 断言，声称
e.g. It is alleged that he mistreated the prisoners.
assert
9.grumble
verb
- to complain about somebody/something in a bad-tempered way 咕哝，发牢骚
e.g. She's always grumbling to me about how badly she's treated at work.
- to make a deep continuous sound 咕隆，发轰隆声
e.g. Thunder grumbled in the distance.
10.sluggish
adj
- moving, reacting or working more slowly than normal and in a way that seems lazy 行动迟缓的，缓慢的，懒洋洋的
e.g. The growth of the export market has helped to compensate for sluggish demand at home. 疲软的国内需求
11.sap the country's vitality
削弱国家生命力
sap
noun
- the liquid in a plant or tree that carries food to all its parts 汁液
e.g. Maple syrup is made from sap extracted from the sugar maple tree.
- a stupid person that you can easily trick, or treat unfairly 笨蛋，易上当的人
e.g. The poor sap never knew what was going on behind his back.
verb
- to make something/somebody weaker; to destroy something gradually 使虚弱，削弱，逐渐破坏
e.g. Years of failure have sapped him of his confidence.
12.malaise
noun
- the problems affecting a particular situation or group of people that are difficult to explain or identify 难以捉摸的问题
e.g. The latest crime figures are merely symptomatic of a wider malaise in society.
- a general feeling of being ill/sick, unhappy or not satisfied, without signs of any particular problem 莫名的不适
= unease
e.g. a serious malaise among the staff
13.rift
noun
- a serious disagreement between people that stops their relationship from continuing 分歧，严重不和
= division, breach
e.g. The rift within the party deepened.
- a large crack or opening in the ground, rocks or clouds 裂口，裂缝
e.g. Through a rift in the clouds we could see a beautiful blue sky.
14.throw the bums out
把这些没用的人赶出去
bum
noun
- the part of the body that you sit on 屁股 backside
- a person who has no home or job and who asks other people for money or food 无业游民，流浪乞丐
e.g. a beach bum
- a lazy person who does nothing for other people or for society 懒汉，游手好闲者
e.g. He's nothing but a no-good bum!
verb
- to get something from somebody by asking 乞讨
= cadge
e.g. Can I bum a cigarette off you?
- to make somebody feel upset or disappointed 使不安，使灰心
adj
- of bad quality; wrong or useless 劣质的，没用的
e.g. He didn't play one bum note.
15.tap into
利用，开发
16.perilous
adj
- very dangerous非常危险
= hazardous
e.g. a perilous adventure/journey
17.obstruct foreign trade
verb
- to block a road, an entrance, a passage, etc. so that somebody/something cannot get through, see past, etc. 阻塞，阻挡
e.g. You can't park here, you're obstructing my driveway.
- to prevent somebody/something from doing something or making progress, especially when this is done deliberately 妨碍，阻挠
= hinder
e.g. They were charged with obstructing the police in the course of their duty.
18.enact agendas
verb
- to pass a law通过法律
e.g. legislation enacted by parliament
- to perform a play or act a part in a play 扮演，演出
e.g. scenes from history enacted by local residents
- to take place 发生，举行
- to put something into practice 实施
e.g.This involves identifying problems and enacting solutions.
19.repudiation
noun
- refusal to accept something 拒绝，否定
e.g. the world-wide repudiation of slavery in the nineteenth century
- the act of saying officially and/or publicly that something is not true 官方驳斥，驳回
e.g. the repudiation of a claim
rejection,denial
20.clinch the presidency
verb
- to succeed in achieving or winning something 成功取得，赢得
e.g. They clinched a place in the semi-finals.
- to provide the answer to something; to settle something that was not certain 提出解决办法
e.g. ‘I'll pay your airfare.’ ‘Okay,that clinches it—I'll come with you.’
【Day 16】逻辑导图&翻译
神句翻译
1.Stagnation, both political and economic, has been the hallmark of a country where little has changed for decades, even as power has rotated between the established parties of left and right.
政治和经济上的停滞，已经成为了这个国家的标志。这个国家历经左派和右派政党权力的更迭，依然几十年改变甚小。
导师注释：法国过去几十年都鲜有变化，政治和经济上的停滞已经成了这个国家的典型特征，即便传统的左派和右派轮流执政也毫不起色。
注：established这个词很有意思，绝对的报刊高频词，通常表示某事/人/物已有稳固地位，比如established capitalist countries通常被翻成老牌资本主义国家。They are an established company with a good reputation.他们是一家地位稳固，信誉良好的公司。An established actor著名演员。
2.The implications of these insurgencies are hard to exaggerate.
这些外来政权的卷入带来的影响无需夸大。
导师注释：这些黑马带来的影响难以估量。
Insurgencies 原指an attempt to take control of a country by force,此处是和老牌政党形成对比。
3.The resulting realignment will have reverberations far beyond France’s borders. It could revitalize the European Union, or wreck it.
最终的改组影响的不仅仅是法国本土。它可能是欧盟重换生机，或者会摧毁它。
导师注释：随之而来的改变所影响的范围远远不止法国本土，欧盟极有可能因此重振或毁灭。
Reverberation原意是回声，引申为影响，尤指广泛且消极的影响。
4.Further fueling voter’s anger is their anguish at the state of France.
加剧选民的愤怒的是他们对于法国这个国度的苦恼。
导师注释：法国的现状令当地选民极为苦恼，这进一步激发了他们的愤怒。
5.Its vast state, which absorbs 57% of GDP, has sapped the country’s vitality.
花费了57%的GDP的国家公共服务，已经耗尽了整个国家的生机。
导师注释：庞大的政府消耗了GDP的57%，国家的活力因此而被削弱。
Sap vitality/energy/confidence: sap sth/sap sb of sth:to make sb/sth weaker; to destroy sth gradually.The hot sun sapped our energy. Years of failure have sapped him of his confidence.
注：Vast state指政府臃肿庞大，开支惊人，中国2010年政府开支占GDP比重为22%，供参考~
6. If she pulls France out of the euro, it would trigger a financial crisis and doom a union that, for all its flaws, has promoted peace and prosperity in Europe for six decades.
如果她让法国脱欧，可能会掀起一场经济危机，因为所有这些弊端给这个六十多年来促进了欧洲的和平和繁荣的联盟带来一场厄运。
导师注释：如果她使法国退出欧元区，则会引发一场金融危机，并且将欧盟带向灭亡。尽管欧盟有各种缺陷，但在过去六十年间确实促进了欧洲的和平与繁荣发展。
for all = despite
神词组翻译
1.Uselessness and self-dealing of the ruling class
统治阶级的无用和私心无用且假公济私的统治阶级
2. Exposed deep cultural rifts with … 暴露深深的文化裂缝
暴露了与…的文化裂痕
Rift=division
The rift within the party deepened.党内分歧加深了。
Efforts to heal the rift between the two countries have failed.弥合两国间分歧的各种努力都已失败。
3. Get to grips with: 去处理
grip原意是“紧握”，延伸为“控制，影响力”，此处可理解为“解决”….
4. Overhaul of pensions and social security 仔细检查福利金和社会安全
退休金和社会保障改革
Overhaul全面大修，a radical overhaul of the tax system is necessary.有必要彻底改革税制。
5. Massive strikes: 大量罢工
大规模罢工
6. Tap into that frustration:
进入这场混战利用这种沮丧的情绪
Tap (into) sth: to make use of a source of energy, knowledge, etc. that already exists.
Eg. We need to tap the expertise of the people we already have.
7. Radically different 根本上不同
极为不同
8. Call a referendum on leaving the EU 呼吁离开欧盟的外交书
号召脱欧公投
9. Staunchly pro-trade/embraces cultural change and technological disruption. 坚定地支持贸易，接纳文化变革和技术瓦解
10. Be short on precise policies: 缺少具体的政策
11. Pitch himself as…
让自己坠落把自己宣传/定位成…
名词：an aggressivesales pitch:强有力的推销行话
Each company was given ten minutes tomake its pitch.每个公司有十分钟的时间进行推销宣传。
动词：推销pitch sth at sb/pitch sth as sth: to aim or direct a product or service at a particular group of people.
Eg. The new software is being pitched atbanks.这种新软件以银行为目标市场。
Representatives went to Japan to pitchthe company’s newest products.销售代表前往日本推销本公司的最新产品。
12. Trim the state payroll by…削减工资
削减员工数量
13. Repudiation of the status quo 对现状的否定
对现状的抗拒
14. Appeal to sb 迎合
to attract or interest sb
Eg. The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups.设计要雅俗共赏，老幼皆宜。
15. Hefty loan 巨额贷款
16. Suffer hacking attacks 遭遇黑客袭击
17. Slash labor code: 彻改劳动法
简化劳动法（注意搭配）
18. Enact agenda: 颁布章程
执行计划（注意搭配）
思维导图
【Day 17】小结
对错综复杂的政治格局真是知之甚少，这回第一次了解到法国的政治格局。原来在我心中浪漫又舒适的法国人正面对着悲惨的社会现实。政局不稳，GDP下降，失业率猛增，很多的法国人都不是对社会持乐观态度的。半个世界以来，领导者也不曾为法国经济发展采取过行之有效的措施，总是带给民众失望和不安。主要的掌权政党也渐渐失去了民心，而法国的发展又影响着整个欧盟，这次的选举候选人也还需要提出更多举措，并不断尝试最适合法国发展的道路。原来，这里是一个如此混乱和不安的世界……
笃师选的文章真是给了太多知识点，让我接触到很多之前没有关注过的知识，像之前的深海热泉学说，都是很震慑我的固有思维的。还是应该多涉猎不同领域的知识，培养更广阔的视野，不管是在英语学习或者专业学习上都能提供一定的帮助。而这些知识也的确引起了我的兴趣，能够不断了解到这些背景，也是对生活的一种丰富吧。
