优雅编程-自定义注解使用及元注解@interface 详细解读
相关注解解读（目前一共 6个）
@Target
Target源码
/**
* Indicates the contexts in which an annotation type is applicable. The
* declaration contexts and type contexts in which an annotation type may be
* applicable are specified in JLS 9.6.4.1, and denoted in source code by enum
* constants of {@link ElementType java.lang.annotation.ElementType}.
*
* <p>If an {@code @Target} meta-annotation is not present on an annotation type
* {@code T} , then an annotation of type {@code T} may be written as a
* modifier for any declaration except a type parameter declaration.
*
* <p>If an {@code @Target} meta-annotation is present, the compiler will enforce
* the usage restrictions indicated by {@code ElementType}
* enum constants, in line with JLS 9.7.4.
*
* <p>For example, this {@code @Target} meta-annotation indicates that the
* declared type is itself a meta-annotation type. It can only be used on
* annotation type declarations:
* <pre>
* @Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE)
* public @interface MetaAnnotationType {
* ...
* }
* </pre>
*
* <p>This {@code @Target} meta-annotation indicates that the declared type is
* intended solely for use as a member type in complex annotation type
* declarations. It cannot be used to annotate anything directly:
* <pre>
* @Target({})
* public @interface MemberType {
* ...
* }
* </pre>
*
* <p>It is a compile-time error for a single {@code ElementType} constant to
* appear more than once in an {@code @Target} annotation. For example, the
* following {@code @Target} meta-annotation is illegal:
* <pre>
* @Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.FIELD})
* public @interface Bogus {
* ...
* }
* </pre>
*
* @since 1.5
* @jls 9.6.4.1 @Target
* @jls 9.7.4 Where Annotations May Appear
* @jls 9.7.5 Multiple Annotations of the Same Type
*/
@Documented
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE)
public @interface Target {
/**
* Returns an array of the kinds of elements an annotation type
* can be applied to.
* @return an array of the kinds of elements an annotation type
* can be applied to
*/
ElementType[] value();
}
指定注解使用的目标范围（类、方法、字段等），其参考值见类的定义：java.lang.annotation.ElementType
ElementType源码：
package java.lang.annotation;
/**
* The constants of this enumerated type provide a simple classification of the
* syntactic locations where annotations may appear in a Java program. These
* constants are used in {@link java.lang.annotation.Target Target}
* meta-annotations to specify where it is legal to write annotations of a
* given type.
*
* <p>The syntactic locations where annotations may appear are split into
* <em>declaration contexts</em> , where annotations apply to declarations, and
* <em>type contexts</em> , where annotations apply to types used in
* declarations and expressions.
*
* <p>The constants {@link #ANNOTATION_TYPE}, {@link #CONSTRUCTOR}, {@link
* #FIELD}, {@link #LOCAL_VARIABLE}, {@link #METHOD}, {@link #PACKAGE}, {@link
* #MODULE}, {@link #PARAMETER}, {@link #TYPE}, and {@link #TYPE_PARAMETER}
* correspond to the declaration contexts in JLS 9.6.4.1.
*
* <p>For example, an annotation whose type is meta-annotated with
* {@code @Target(ElementType.FIELD)} may only be written as a modifier for a
* field declaration.
*
* <p>The constant {@link #TYPE_USE} corresponds to the type contexts in JLS
* 4.11, as well as to two declaration contexts: type declarations (including
* annotation type declarations) and type parameter declarations.
*
* <p>For example, an annotation whose type is meta-annotated with
* {@code @Target(ElementType.TYPE_USE)} may be written on the type of a field
* (or within the type of the field, if it is a nested, parameterized, or array
* type), and may also appear as a modifier for, say, a class declaration.
*
* <p>The {@code TYPE_USE} constant includes type declarations and type
* parameter declarations as a convenience for designers of type checkers which
* give semantics to annotation types. For example, if the annotation type
* {@code NonNull} is meta-annotated with
* {@code @Target(ElementType.TYPE_USE)}, then {@code @NonNull}
* {@code class C {...}} could be treated by a type checker as indicating that
* all variables of class {@code C} are non-null, while still allowing
* variables of other classes to be non-null or not non-null based on whether
* {@code @NonNull} appears at the variable's declaration.
*
* @author Joshua Bloch
* @since 1.5
* @jls 9.6.4.1 @Target
* @jls 4.1 The Kinds of Types and Values
*/
public enum ElementType {
/** Class, interface (including annotation type), or enum declaration */
TYPE,
/** Field declaration (includes enum constants) */
FIELD,
/** Method declaration */
METHOD,
/** Formal parameter declaration */
PARAMETER,
/** Constructor declaration */
CONSTRUCTOR,
/** Local variable declaration */
LOCAL_VARIABLE,
/** Annotation type declaration */
ANNOTATION_TYPE,
/** Package declaration */
PACKAGE,
/**
* Type parameter declaration
*
* @since 1.8
*/
TYPE_PARAMETER,
/**
* Use of a type
*
* @since 1.8
*/
TYPE_USE,
/**
* Module declaration.
*
* @since 9
*/
MODULE
}
@Documented
@Documented源码：
/**
* If the annotation {@code @Documented} is present on the declaration
* of an annotation type <i>A</i>, then any {@code @A} annotation on
* an element is considered part of the element's public contract.
*
* In more detail, when an annotation type <i>A</i> is annotated with
* {@code Documented}, the presence and value of annotations of type
* <i>A</i> are a part of the public contract of the elements <i>A</i>
* annotates.
*
* Conversely, if an annotation type <i>B</i> is <em>not</em>
* annotated with {@code Documented}, the presence and value of
* <i>B</i> annotations are <em>not</em> part of the public contract
* of the elements <i>B</i> annotates.
*
* Concretely, if an annotation type is annotated with {@code
* Documented}, by default a tool like javadoc will display
* annotations of that type in its output while annotations of
* annotation types without {@code Documented} will not be displayed.
*
* @author Joshua Bloch
* @since 1.5
*/
@Documented
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE)
public @interface Documented {
}
指定被标注的注解会包含在javadoc中。
@Retention
@Retention源码
/**
* Indicates how long annotations with the annotated type are to
* be retained. If no Retention annotation is present on
* an annotation type declaration, the retention policy defaults to
* {@code RetentionPolicy.CLASS}.
*
* <p>A Retention meta-annotation has effect only if the
* meta-annotated type is used directly for annotation. It has no
* effect if the meta-annotated type is used as a member type in
* another annotation type.
*
* @author Joshua Bloch
* @since 1.5
* @jls 9.6.4.2 @Retention
*/
@Documented
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE)
public @interface Retention {
/**
* Returns the retention policy.
* @return the retention policy
*/
RetentionPolicy value();
}
指定注解的生命周期（源码、class文件、运行时），其参考值见类的定义：java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy
RetentionPolicy源码：
package java.lang.annotation;
/**
* Annotation retention policy. The constants of this enumerated type
* describe the various policies for retaining annotations. They are used
* in conjunction with the {@link Retention} meta-annotation type to specify
* how long annotations are to be retained.
*
* @author Joshua Bloch
* @since 1.5
*/
public enum RetentionPolicy {
/**
* Annotations are to be discarded by the compiler.
*/
SOURCE,
/**
* Annotations are to be recorded in the class file by the compiler
* but need not be retained by the VM at run time. This is the default
* behavior.
*/
CLASS,
/**
* Annotations are to be recorded in the class file by the compiler and
* retained by the VM at run time, so they may be read reflectively.
*
* @see java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement
*/
RUNTIME
}
@Inherited
@Inherited源码
/**
* Indicates that an annotation type is automatically inherited. If
* an Inherited meta-annotation is present on an annotation type
* declaration, and the user queries the annotation type on a class
* declaration, and the class declaration has no annotation for this type,
* then the class's superclass will automatically be queried for the
* annotation type. This process will be repeated until an annotation for this
* type is found, or the top of the class hierarchy (Object)
* is reached. If no superclass has an annotation for this type, then
* the query will indicate that the class in question has no such annotation.
*
* <p>Note that this meta-annotation type has no effect if the annotated
* type is used to annotate anything other than a class. Note also
* that this meta-annotation only causes annotations to be inherited
* from superclasses; annotations on implemented interfaces have no
* effect.
*
* @author Joshua Bloch
* @since 1.5
* @jls 9.6.4.3 @Inherited
*/
@Documented
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE)
public @interface Inherited {
}
指定子类可以继承父类的注解，只能是类上的注解，方法和字段的注解不能继承。即如果父类上的注解是@Inherited修饰的就能被子类继承。
jdk1.8新提供以下两个元注解
@Native
@Native源码
/**
* Indicates that a field defining a constant value may be referenced
* from native code.
*
* The annotation may be used as a hint by tools that generate native
* header files to determine whether a header file is required, and
* if so, what declarations it should contain.
*
* @since 1.8
*/
@Documented
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
public @interface Native {
}
指定字段是一个常量，其值引用native code。
@Repeatable
@Repeatable源码
/**
* The annotation type {@code java.lang.annotation.Repeatable} is
* used to indicate that the annotation type whose declaration it
* (meta-)annotates is <em>repeatable</em>. The value of
* {@code @Repeatable} indicates the <em>containing annotation
* type</em> for the repeatable annotation type.
*
* @since 1.8
* @jls 9.6.3 Repeatable Annotation Types
* @jls 9.7.5 Multiple Annotations of the Same Type
*/
@Documented
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE)
public @interface Repeatable {
/**
* Indicates the <em>containing annotation type</em> for the
* repeatable annotation type.
* @return the containing annotation type
*/
Class<? extends Annotation> value();
}
注解上可以使用重复注解，即可以在一个地方可以重复使用同一个注解，像spring中的包扫描注解就使用了这个。
示例：@ComponentScan
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Documented
@Repeatable(ComponentScans.class)
public @interface ComponentScan {
.........
}
也是因为这个注解我们在使用spring boot 时@SpringBootApplication和@ComponentScan一起配合使用
自定义注解
源码：
@Target({ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface MyAnnotation {
//注解属性
String value() default "";
}
使用：
@RestController
public class AOPTest {
@GetMapping("/aoptest")
@MyAnnotation(value = "注解value属性值")
public void aoptest(@RequestParam String s) throws Exception {
System.out.println("========================");
// throw new Exception("111");
}
}
测试：
Method method = 获取当前方法；
MyAnnotation myAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(MyAnnotation.class);
if(null != myAnnotation){
//获取注解参数值
System.out.println("===========获取注解参数值==========");
System.out.println("value: "+myAnnotation.value());
}
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