概述
这次我们来聊聊 Jetpack。具体地说是聊聊他的生命周期管理组件 LifeCycle,因为JetPack这个官方库还蛮大。这里不会再讲 Jetpack的前世今生,以及他的作用什么的。这里我们主要讲讲 LifeCycle的基本使用,以及用LifeCycle改进一下上次我们讲到的 MVP 的例子。然后从源码角度分析一下 LifeCycle是如何帮助 Activity 或 Fragment管理生命周期的。后续会继续推出分析 Jetpack其他组件的文章。
我们知道,我们在用某些模块进行数据加载的时候,往往需要去监听 Activity或 Fragment的生命周期。再根据生命周期的变化去调整数据加载或回调的策略。不使用组件来管理的话,一般我们可以在 Activity或 Fragment的生命周期回调方法里手动去调用模块的生命周期方法。这样页面的生命周期回调方法里可能就会出现大量这样的刻板代码,也不好管理。LifeCycle就用来解决这样的一些问题。
1、使用
使用 LifeCycle不用添加依赖了,因为已经内置了。如果要使用 Viewmodel和 Livedata则需要加依赖,这两个后续会有文章分析。
首先,既然是生命周期的监听,那就会有观察者和被观察者。被观察者需要实现的接口是 LifecycleOwner,也就是生命周期拥有者(Activity 或 Fragment)。这两者都实现了 LifecycleOwner接口,我们可以看一下 Activity 的父类 ComponentActivity:
public class ComponentActivity extends androidx.core.app.ComponentActivity implements
LifecycleOwner,
...
...
{
生命周期观察者需要实现的接口是 LifecycleObserver。下面我们就结合上次 MVP架构的例子,给 Presenter添加 LifeCycle生命周期监听方法。
首先让 BasePresenter实现观察者接口:
// 实现 LifecycleObserver
public class BasePresenter<V extends IView> implements LifecycleObserver {
private V mView;
public void attach(V iView) {
this.mView = iView;
}
public void detach() {
this.mView = null;
}
public V getView() {
return mView;
}
}
然后我们给 BasePresenter的实现类 Presenter添加几个生命周期的方法,并加上@OnLifecycleEvent注解:
// Presenter.java
// onCreate
@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE)
public void onCreate(){
Log.d(TAG, "-----------LifecycleObserver -- onCreate");
}
// onStart
@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START)
public void onStart(){
Log.d(TAG, "-----------LifecycleObserver -- onStart");
}
// onPause
@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_PAUSE)
public void onPause(){
Log.d(TAG, "-----------LifecycleObserver -- onPause");
}
// onStop
@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP)
public void onStop(){
Log.d(TAG, "-----------LifecycleObserver -- onStop");
}
// onDestroy
@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY)
public void onDestroy(){
Log.d(TAG, "-----------LifecycleObserver -- onDestroy");
}
然后在 BaseMvpActivity初始化时添加观察者:
// BaseMvpActivity.java
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView();
initView();
initData();
mPresenter = createP();
//mPresenter.attach(this);
// 注释 1, 添加观察者
getLifecycle().addObserver(mPresenter);
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
// mPresenter.detach();
// 移除观察者
getLifecycle().removeObserver(mPresenter);
}
上次例子使用了模板设计模式,所以现在生命周期观察者的添加和移除也放在模板里了。
然后打开 Activity后退出,看打印结果:
com.ethan.mvpapplication D/Presenter: -----------LifecycleObserver -- onCreate
com.ethan.mvpapplication D/Presenter: -----------LifecycleObserver -- onStart
com.ethan.mvpapplication D/Presenter: -----------LifecycleObserver -- onPause
com.ethan.mvpapplication D/Presenter: -----------LifecycleObserver -- onStop
com.ethan.mvpapplication D/Presenter: -----------LifecycleObserver -- onDestroy
Demo: MVP
2、源码分析
下面我们来分析一下 Lifecycle生命周期监听的原理。简单粗暴,直接点进上面注释 1的getLifecycle()方法,看看干了啥:
// ComponentActivity.java
private final LifecycleRegistry mLifecycleRegistry = new LifecycleRegistry(this);
@Override
public Lifecycle getLifecycle() {
return mLifecycleRegistry;
}
返回的是一个 LifecycleRegistry 对象,我们可以点进去看。LifecycleRegistry 是抽象类 Lifecycle的实现类:
public abstract class Lifecycle {
@MainThread
public abstract void addObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer);
@MainThread
public abstract void removeObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer);
@MainThread
@NonNull
public abstract androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle.State getCurrentState();
public enum Event {
ON_CREATE,
ON_START,
ON_RESUME,
ON_PAUSE,
ON_STOP,
ON_DESTROY,
ON_ANY
}
public enum State {
DESTROYED,
INITIALIZED,
CREATED,
STARTED,
RESUMED;
public boolean isAtLeast(@NonNull androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle.State state) {
return compareTo(state) >= 0;
}
}
}
上面抽象类 Lifecycle 不仅包含了添加和移除观察者的方法,还包含了 Event 和 State 两个枚举。我们可以看到,Event 这个枚举包含了 Activity最主要的几个生命周期的方法。
下面我们继续看 LifeCycle是怎么监听生命周期的:
public class ComponentActivity extends androidx.core.app.ComponentActivity implements
LifecycleOwner,
......{
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
......
// 注释 2, ComponentActivity注入 ReportFragment
ReportFragment.injectIfNeededIn(this);
......
}
......
@Override
public androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle getLifecycle() {
return mLifecycleRegistry;
}
}
按理说可以在上面的 ComponentActivity的各个生命周期回调中调用观察者的对应方法,但我们可以看到 ComponentActivity 这个类里并没有这样做。而是在上面注释 2处将当前Activity对象注入 ReportFragment中,我们看看ReportFragment干了啥:
public class ReportFragment extends Fragment {
private static final String REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG = "androidx.lifecycle"
+ ".LifecycleDispatcher.report_fragment_tag";
public static void injectIfNeededIn(Activity activity) {
android.app.FragmentManager manager = activity.getFragmentManager();
if (manager.findFragmentByTag(REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG) == null) {
// 注释 3, 创建ReportFragment 添加到 Activity,使得生命周期与之同步
manager.beginTransaction().add(new androidx.lifecycle.ReportFragment(), REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG).commit();
manager.executePendingTransactions();
}
}
static androidx.lifecycle.ReportFragment get(Activity activity) {
return (androidx.lifecycle.ReportFragment) activity.getFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(
REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG);
}
// 分发生命周期回调事件
private void dispatchCreate(androidx.lifecycle.ReportFragment.ActivityInitializationListener listener) {
if (listener != null) {
listener.onCreate();
}
}
......
......
@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
dispatchCreate(mProcessListener);
dispatch(androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE);
}
@Override
public void onStart() {
super.onStart();
// 注释 4, 开始调用观察者的生命周期
dispatchStart(mProcessListener);
dispatch(androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
}
......
......
private void dispatch(androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event event) {
Activity activity = getActivity();
if (activity instanceof LifecycleRegistryOwner) {
((LifecycleRegistryOwner) activity).getLifecycle().handleLifecycleEvent(event);
return;
}
if (activity instanceof LifecycleOwner) {
androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle lifecycle = ((LifecycleOwner) activity).getLifecycle();
if (lifecycle instanceof LifecycleRegistry) {
// 注释 5,生命周期事件分发
((LifecycleRegistry) lifecycle).handleLifecycleEvent(event);
}
}
}
}
上面注释 3处我们可以看到,这里创建了一个 Fragment,然后将 Fragment添加到 Activity中。这样的话,新创建的这个 Fragment和 Activity就可以同步生命周期。之后,在上面注释 4的地方,Fragment的各种生命周期的方法里就可以调用观察者(LifecycleObserver)的相关的生命周期方法了。
也就是说,ComponentActivity 创建了一个 ReportFragment ,并把生命周期回调的事务交给了Fragment。这sao操作是不是很熟悉?没错!我们之前分析过,Glide 也是这么管理生命周期的。
上面注释 5,我们再看看生命周期事件分发,看看观察者方法最终调用的地方:
// LifecycleRegistry.java
static class ObserverWithState {
androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle.State mState;
LifecycleEventObserver mLifecycleObserver;
ObserverWithState(LifecycleObserver observer, androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle.State initialState) {
// 获取 ReflectiveGenericLifecycleObserver对象
mLifecycleObserver = Lifecycling.lifecycleEventObserver(observer);
mState = initialState;
}
void dispatchEvent(LifecycleOwner owner, androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event event) {
......
// 生命周期回调事件分发
mLifecycleObserver.onStateChanged(owner, event);
}
}
// Lifecycling.java
static LifecycleEventObserver lifecycleEventObserver(Object object) {
.....
// 返回 ReflectiveGenericLifecycleObserver对象
return new androidx.lifecycle.ReflectiveGenericLifecycleObserver(object);
}
// ReflectiveGenericLifecycleObserver.java
class ReflectiveGenericLifecycleObserver implements LifecycleEventObserver {
private final Object mWrapped;
private final ClassesInfoCache.CallbackInfo mInfo;
ReflectiveGenericLifecycleObserver(Object wrapped) {
mWrapped = wrapped;
mInfo = ClassesInfoCache.sInstance.getInfo(mWrapped.getClass());
}
@Override
public void onStateChanged(LifecycleOwner source, androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event event) {
// 生命周期回调
mInfo.invokeCallbacks(source, event, mWrapped);
}
}
// ClassesInfoCache.java
private ClassesInfoCache.CallbackInfo createInfo(Class klass, @Nullable Method[] declaredMethods) {
Class superclass = klass.getSuperclass();
for (Method method : methods) {
// 反射遍历观察者的各个方法,将带 @OnLifecycleEvent注解的方法保存在
// Map对象中,方便生命周期变化时调用
OnLifecycleEvent annotation = method.getAnnotation(OnLifecycleEvent.class);
if (annotation == null) { continue; }
Class<?>[] params = method.getParameterTypes();
......
androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event event = annotation.value();
......
ClassesInfoCache.MethodReference methodReference = new ClassesInfoCache.MethodReference(callType, method);
verifyAndPutHandler(handlerToEvent, methodReference, event, klass);
mCallbackMap.put(klass, info);
mHasLifecycleMethods.put(klass, hasLifecycleMethods);
}
......
return info;
}
static class CallbackInfo {
final Map<androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event, List<ClassesInfoCache.MethodReference>> mEventToHandlers;
final Map<ClassesInfoCache.MethodReference, androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event> mHandlerToEvent;
CallbackInfo(Map<ClassesInfoCache.MethodReference, androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event> handlerToEvent) {
mHandlerToEvent = handlerToEvent;
mEventToHandlers = new HashMap<>();
for (Map.Entry<ClassesInfoCache.MethodReference, androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event> entry : handlerToEvent.entrySet()) {
androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event event = entry.getValue();
List<ClassesInfoCache.MethodReference> methodReferences = mEventToHandlers.get(event);
if (methodReferences == null) {
methodReferences = new ArrayList<>();
mEventToHandlers.put(event, methodReferences);
}
methodReferences.add(entry.getKey());
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("ConstantConditions")
void invokeCallbacks(LifecycleOwner source, androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event event, Object target) {
invokeMethodsForEvent(mEventToHandlers.get(event), source, event, target);
invokeMethodsForEvent(mEventToHandlers.get(androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event.ON_ANY), source, event,
target);
}
private static void invokeMethodsForEvent(List<ClassesInfoCache.MethodReference> handlers,
LifecycleOwner source, androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event event, Object mWrapped) {
if (handlers != null) {
for (int i = handlers.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
// 调用 MethodReference的 invokeCallback方法
handlers.get(i).invokeCallback(source, event, mWrapped);
}
}
}
}
// ClassesInfoCache.MethodReference
static class MethodReference {
final int mCallType;
final Method mMethod;
.......
void invokeCallback(LifecycleOwner source, androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event event, Object target) {
//noinspection TryWithIdenticalCatches
try {
switch (mCallType) {
case CALL_TYPE_NO_ARG:
mMethod.invoke(target);
break;
case CALL_TYPE_PROVIDER:
mMethod.invoke(target, source);
break;
case CALL_TYPE_PROVIDER_WITH_EVENT:
mMethod.invoke(target, source, event);
break;
}
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to call observer method", e.getCause());
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
时序图就不画了,大概写一下调用流程吧:
LifecycleRegistry.java
--> handleLifecycleEvent();
--> moveToState(next);
--> sync();
--> forwardPass(lifecycleOwner);
--> LifecycleRegistry.ObserverWithState --> dispatchEvent(owner, event);
ReflectiveGenericLifecycleObserver .java
--> onStateChanged()
ClassesInfoCache.java
--> CallbackInfo createInfo(); (反射将观察者带注解的方法保存)
MethodReference.java
-->invokeCallback(source, event, mWrapped);
--> mMethod.invoke(target); (反射调用观察者的生命周期的方法)
经过层层调用和包装,注册时最终会用反射将观察者带@OnLifecycleEvent注解的方法保存在MethodReference中,并放入HashMap。当 Activity生命周期改变时,随着层层调用,最终保存在集合里的观察者LifecycleObserver生命周期相关方法会被调用。
这波sao操作是不是又似曾相识?没错!EventBus也是这么管理订阅和发送事件的。