原文
Everybody loves a fat pay rise.① Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. ②Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged.③ Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human", with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. ④But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it it all too monkey, as well.⑤

第一句 ①

Everybody loves a fat pay rise.

人人都酷爱丰厚的工资

• pay：在这里指工资
• rise：上涨
• pay rise：加薪
• fat：adj. 肥胖的，多脂的
  • adj.(尤其金钱) 丰厚的，大额的
    • Banker's fat pay packets
    • Make fat profits by corruption
  • n.脂肪
    • Eggs have a high amount of fat content.

第二句 ②

Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.

然而，如果当你得知一位同事比你的加薪更为丰厚时，你的快乐就会消失的无影无踪了。

句子成分

主从复合句

Yet pleasure[主语] at your own[定语] can vanish[谓语] if ... [原因状语从句]

you[主语] learn[谓语] that a colleague has been given a bigger one[宾语从句]

pleasure at your own 省略了中心名词，就是上文中的 fat pay rise

a bigger one. 这里的one是一个回执词，指上文中的 fat pay rise

词汇分析

• Yet：这里相当于But，呈上转折。

• Pleasure: n.快乐；希望；娱乐；令人高兴的事 vi. 使高兴；使满意 vt. 高兴；寻欢作乐

• Vanish v.突然消失。强调消失的迅速

• disappear：消失

• fade：褪色；逐渐消失

• learn：了解到、得知

• colleague：同事

第三句③

Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged.

事实上，如果他还有懒惰的名声，你甚至可能会义愤填膺。

has a reputation for = be famous for = be well known for

Slacking brings/earns sb a bad reputation. 懒惰带来的不好的名声

Keep one's reputation with good behavior. 用善心保持名声

even：表示情绪的进一步递进

词汇分析

• 事实上
  • Indeed: 事实上表递进
  • in fact：事实上，表转折。一般放于句首
  • in effect：实际上(规律,法律等)生效,有效,在实行中（一般用于句中）
• Reputation：名声
• slack：这里指懒惰的、散漫的（等同于lazy）
  • a. 松弛的；懒惰的、散漫的
    • The rope went slack.
    • The muscle went slack
    • Sb is slack
    • a slack person
    • A slack person can naver succeed
  • v. 懒惰
    • Sb slacks
    • Be accused of slacking
• Slacken v.使减慢、使松懈
  • slacken off 松懈
    • Worker's productivity slackens off after Wednesday.
• Outraged: out - rage 使震怒
  • be outraged by sth
    • Chinese people are outraged by Trump's tough/aggressive policies on trade. 中国人们被特朗普强硬的贸易政策激怒了。
  • n. 义愤、震怒 provoke one's outrage
    • Trump's tough/aggressive policies on trade provoke Chinese people outrage.
• rage：非常生气

第四句④

Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human", with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.

这样的行为被认为是“人之常情”，它潜在的假设是其他动物不具有这种敏锐的不平意识。

句子成分

1. 找谓语、配主语
2. 找连词、谓减一 and/or/but/that/which/what/when/if/because/while/though/although
3. 分主从、理修饰

Such behaviour[主语] is regarded as[谓语] "all too human", with the underlying assumption that other animals[主语] would not be capable of[谓语] this finely developed sense of grievance.

that后的同位语从句，修饰名词assumption

Such behaviour：回执前句总人类的公平意识

all too human：人类特有的特征（太 + n, n特有的特征），人之常情。all too = very

词汇分析

• Underlying：v. 构成...的基础、是...原因 . under-lie的现在分词

  • factors that under-lie globalization。全球化背后的因素
  • Underlying cause：潜在的原因
    • Unemployment is th underlying cause of crims.失业是多种犯罪潜在的原因

• under

  • 方位的下
    • underline：vt. 强调。n.下划线
    • undermine：(mine 采矿) 逐渐破坏、逐渐削弱
  • 程度等级的下
    • undergradnate：在读本科生
    • Under-pay：支付工资不足

• assume v.假设

  • Sb assumed that---
  • have/hold an assumption that

• underlying assumption：潜在假设

• Finely: adv. 精密地、精细地

• Developed：adj 发达的；进化而来的

  • The developed country
  • Under-developed country

• sense：情感，情绪 = feeling

• finely developed：近义词修饰

  • Innovation is very important.：创新非常重要
  • Significant/essential/crucial ，表示重要的形容词
  • Significantly/essentially/crucially，加上ly变成副词，可以修饰形容词
  • Innovation is essentially important.
  • Innovation is essentially significant.

• Grievance: 不满、委屈

• Grieve v.伤心 悲痛

  • grieve for/over sth

• Grief n.悲痛，极度悲伤

• Grievance < Grieve < Grief

• Grave：a.重大的，严重的 n.坟墓

• Gravity: 重力，引力

第五句⑤

But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it it all too monkey, as well.

但是由佐治亚州亚特兰大埃默里大学的萨拉·布鲁斯南和弗兰斯·德·瓦尔进行的一项研究表明这也是“猴之常情”，这项研究结果刚刚发表于《自然》杂志上。

句子成分

1. 找谓语：has just been published, suggests, is
2. 连接词：which, that
3. 分主从：which, that引导从句，a study...suggests...是句子的主干

which：定语从句

that：宾语从句

​

词汇分析

• Suggests：
  • 建议，提议；引出人物的观点 = propose = advice
    • 不能使用suggest to do 的形式，建议什么就在后面加什么。
      • I suggest a meeting
    • 建议做什么可以使用that从句，但是that从句中要使用虚拟语气。
      • that we should have a meeting
  • 表明，显示；引出研究结论
    • that后加从句不用虚拟语气，如本文中的句子
  • 暗示、暗指：推理引申
    • 也可加that从句，不使用虚拟语气。

总结

批驳立意 underlying assumption vs But a study...suggests

类比开篇 all to human → all to monkey

段落主旨：由人类的公平意思引出主题“猴子也有公平意识”