考点一 介词
一、方位介词
1. 图解方位介词
The flag is beyond the mountain. It is beyond my reach / not within my reach.
The little mouse is under the table, so it is not easy to find it.
那只小老鼠在桌子底下, 因此不容易找到它。
The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys, till at last it reaches the sea.
长城从西向东穿过沙漠, 跨过高山, 穿过深谷, 蜿蜒而行, 直到最后直抵大海。
题组训练 用介词完成句子
①The sunlight came in through (穿过) the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.
②The bicycle is beyond (不能)repair.
2. among, between
一般说来, among 用于三者或三者以上的“在……中间”,其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量或具有复数(或集合)意义的名词或代词;而between 主要指两者之间, 其宾语往往是表示两者的名词或代词, 或者是由and连接的两个人或物。among 在表示范围时, 还可表示“在(其)中; ……之一”。
They hid themselves among the trees.
他们躲在树林中。
She is the youngest among the three sisters.
她是三个姐妹中最年轻的。
There was a fight between the two boys.
这两个男孩子打过一次架。
I'm usually free between Tuesday and Thursday.
我通常在星期二与星期四之间有空。
注意: 在下列情况中, between 可用于三者:
(1)当两个以上的人或物用and 连接时。
between A, B and C 在A、B 和C 之间
(2)涉及人或事物之间的区别以及人或事物之间的关系时。
the difference between the three of them 他们三者之间的区别
the relations between various countries 各国之间的关系
(3)表示“由于……合作的结果”时。
Between them they landed the fish. 他们协力把鱼拖上了岸。
(4)在divide, share 等表示“分享”之类的动词之后, 若接一个表示三者或三者以上的复数名词时, 用among 和between均可。
He divided his money among/between his five sons.
他把钱分给了他的5 个儿子。
题组训练 用介词 between, among 填空
③Some students often listen to music between classes to refresh themselves.
④Four Chinese models were among the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.
3. in, on
二者均可表示“在……上”,描述两个物体的接触情况。on 侧重于表面接触, 而in 侧重于接触的深度。英语中的某些习惯表达常用in 或on。若打击某人的脸、眼、嘴、胸、腹等部位时, 用in, 而打击头、额、鼻、耳、颈、肩、腿等部位时, 用on。表示树本身生长出来的枝、叶、花、果等, 用on the tree, 但表示树本身以外的人或动物“在树上”,用in the tree, 意指被枝叶遮掩其中。
We found a square hole in the wall.
我们发现墙上有个方洞。
The teacher patted the boy on the head and comforted him.
老师轻轻拍着那个男孩儿的头安慰他。
There are lots of apples on the tree.
树上有很多苹果。
题组训练 用介词in, on 填空
⑤There is a map of the world on the wall.
⑥Birds are singing in the tree.
4. across, through
across 和through 虽然都可以表示“穿过”,但还是有区别的。across 与on 有关, 意为: from one side to the other side of(sth. ),表示动作在物体的表面进行, 从一边到另一边。through 与in 有关, 表示动作从物体中间穿过。
【比较】
He walked across the fields. 他从田野上走过。(在田野上)
He walked through the forest. 他从森林中穿过。(在森林中)
He ran across the bridge. 他跑过桥去。(从桥上)
He ran through the town. 他跑着穿过这座小城。(贯穿)
此外, across 与静态动词连用时表示“在(街、河等)……对面”或“在(身体某部位)上”的意思。
The school is across the river. 学校在河的对岸。
He has a giant scar across his chest. 他胸前有块巨大的伤疤。
题组训练 用介词 across, through 填空
⑦My house is just across the street.
⑧Water will be pumped through a pipe.
⑨Do you think this shirt is too tight across the shoulders?
5. over, above;under, below
(1)over 和above 都有“在……之上”的意思, 但over 往往表示“在……的正上方”,其反义词为under, 而above 往往表示“在……的斜上方”,其反义词为below。over 还可表示“(部分或全部覆盖)在……上面”的意思。
You can't wear a blue jacket over that shirt. It'll look terrible.
你不能把一件蓝夹克穿在那件衬衫外面。那将会很难看。
(2)over 和above 都可以表示在数量上“多于” 的意思, 但above 一般用于表示与“最低限度”或“标准”有关的事物, 而over则表示“多于”,相当于more than, 其反义词是under ( = less than)。
1, 000 meters above sea level 海拔1000 米
two degrees above zero 零上2 度
He's over fifty. 他已年过半百。
It's under a mile from here to the post office.
此处距邮局不足一英里。
(3)above 表示“级别、地位、重要性等高于……”,over 则强调“控制、掌握、权威、优越”等。
He always puts his students above everything.
他总是把自己的学生置于一切事情之上。
He has little control over his emotions.
他控制不住自己的感情。
题组训练 用介词 over, above 填空
⑩She's been here for over two hours.
她在这里已超过两小时了。
[11]A great person is always putting others' interests above his own.
伟人总是置他人利益高于自己的利益之上。
[12]He is above average intelligence.
他的智力在一般水平以上。
6. in, on, to, off
四个词都可表示两地之间的位置关系。in 表示在某范围之内;to 表示在某范围之外;on 表示“毗邻”、“接壤”;off 则强调两地间隔着一小段距离。
Shandong Province is/lies in the east of China. ( 在某范围之内)
山东省在/位于中国东部。
Shandong Province is/lies to the northeast of Hubei Province.(在某范围之外)
山东省在/位于湖北省东北边。
Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.(接壤)
蒙古在/位于中国北边。
Lily lives in a flat just off Park Avenue.(两地隔着一小段距离)
莉莉住在离派克大街不远的一处公寓里。
题组训练 用介词in, to, off 填空
[13]Japan is/lies to the east of China.
[14]Beijing lies in the north of China.
[15]The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.
二、时间介词
1. at, in, on
(1)at 的用法
1)表示时间的一点, 时刻等, 如: at 12: 00(在12 点),at noon(在中午),at night(在夜里),at midnight(在半夜),at dawn/daybreak(在黎明, 破晓),at sunrise/sunset(在日出/日落),at dusk(在黄昏)。
2)表示较短暂的一段时间, 可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子, 如: at Christmas 在圣诞节。
(2)in 的用法
表示在某段较长的时间内(如: 世纪、朝代、年代、月份及泛指上午、下午和傍晚等),如: in the 1980's/1980s, in the Qing Dynasty, in October, in the morning/afternoon/evening。
(3)on 的用法
1)用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间(如: 某日、某节日、星期几等),如: on October the first, on a rainy day, on National Day 等。
2)用于表示特定的上午、下午或晚上, 如: on Christmas Eve(在圣诞节前夕),on the morning of January the third, on the afternoon of his arrival 等。
3)准时, 按时: on time。
题组训练 翻译下列词组
[16]在星期天上午 on Sunday morning(s)
[17]在三月初 at the beginning of March
[18]在儿童节 on Children's Day
[19]在19 世纪20 年代 in the 1820's/1820s
2. in, after
(1)in 的用法
in 表时间, 常表示“在……之内”,有时in 还有“在……之后”的意思, 但表示此意时, 必须具备两个条件:①所在句子的谓语动词必须表将来;②后面必须是一段时间。这两个条件缺一不可, 否则用after 或later。
(2)after 的用法
after 表时间, 意为“在……之后”。通常“after+时间段”与过去时连用;“after+时间点”与将来时连用。
My father will be back in three days.
我父亲将在3 天以后回来。
My father will be back after three o'clock.
我父亲将在3 点后回来。
My father came back after three days/three days later.
我父亲是3 天后回来的。
题组训练 用in, after, later 填空
[20]It will be finished in an hour.
[21]He returned after a few days.
[22]They finished their lessons at four and a little while later they went out to take a walk.
3. for, from, since
for 后接时间段, 表示行为或状态持续了多久;from 后接时间点, 表示行为或状态的起始点, 而不涉及其持续时间的长短;since 后接时间点, 不仅表示行为或状态的起始点, 而且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直持续到说话的时刻, 因而常与延续性动词的完成时连用。
Mr. Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years after his retirement.
布朗先生喜欢乡村生活, 退休后他在那里生活了差不多15 年。
My younger sister began to learn dance from the age of five.
我的妹妹从5岁开始学习舞蹈。
Tom has been doing his homework since seven o'clock.
汤姆从7点开始就一直做他的家庭作业。
题组训练 用for, from, since 填空
[23] From then on she knew she would win.
[24]I lost my money and I have been worried since then.
[25]The meeting lasted for three hours yesterday.
4. during, through, over
(1)during 的用法
during 指某个动作或状态在某个时间段里或整个过程中断
断续续地发生过多次, 或在整个时间段里的某一点发生过, 起止
时间比较明显。
He often falls asleep during the class. 课上他常常打瞌睡。
He swims every day during the summer.
夏季他每天都游泳。
(2)through 的用法
through: 在……期间;从……开头到结尾(所指时间包括在内, 此时与throughout 相同)。
Tom bore up well under the strain of supporting his family
through his father's illness.
在他父亲生病期间, 汤姆坚持地顶住了养家的压力。
(3)over 的用法
over 意为: while doing, having, eating, etc.(sth. )在(做)……期间。
We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea.
我们一边喝茶一边愉快地聊天。
此外, over 还有“throughout(a period)贯穿(一时间段)”的意思, 等于during。
He will stay in Wales over/during Christmas and the New Year. 他将在威尔士度过圣诞和新年。
题组训练 用during, over 填空
[26]Let's discuss it over lunch.
[27] Over/During the past 10 years, great changes have taken place in this area.
5. before, by, till, until
(1)before 的用法
before: 早于;在……之前。
The new road will be completed before the end of the year.
这条新道路将在年底以前建成。
(2)by 的用法
1)表示“不迟于……,在(某时)前”。
All of you are to arrive at school by seven o'clock.
你们所有人必须在7 点钟前到校。
2)表示“在……期间, 在……时间内”。
He worked by night and slept by day.
他晚上工作, 白天睡觉。
(3)until 和till 的用法
1)until 是比较正式的用法。在肯定句中和延续性动词连用, 表示动作一直持续到until 后面的时间为止;在否定句中和非延续性动词连用, 表示该动作直到until 后面的时间才开始。
I shall wait until ten o'clock.
我将等到10 点钟。
I didn't go to sleep until midnight.
直到半夜我才睡觉。
2)till 意义与until 相同。
He works from morning till night, day after day.
他日复一日从早工作到晚。
题组训练 用before, by, until 填空
[28]We'll have finished the work by ten o'clock tomorrow.
[29]I usually take a bath before having my breakfast.
[30]Up until last year, they didn't even own a car.
三、表工具、手段、方式的介词
1. by, in, on
三个词都可以表示旅行的方式。
(1)不涉及交通工具的名词时用by, 名词前不带冠词。如: by sea, by water, by land, by air 等。
(2)涉及交通工具的名词时用by, 但名词需用单数, 其前面不加冠词和任何修饰语。如: by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship 等。
(3)当旅行方式涉及特指的交通工具时, 用on 或in, 名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。如: travel to New York on this plane, go to school on my bike 等。
注意: 步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如: on foot, on horseback/on a horse, on a camel 等。
题组训练 同义句转换
[31]He went to Beijing by car.
He went to Beijing in his/a car .
[32]I prefer to travel by ship.
I prefer to travel by water/sea .
2. with, in
(1)with 用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前, 其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。
They are digging with a pick/spade.
他们正在用一把镐/铲挖。
We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs. 我们用眼睛看, 用耳朵听, 用腿走路。
(2)in
{原料、颜料、语言、钢笔、铅笔等}
{大、小写字母}
Please answer me in English. 请用英语回答我。
Please write in capital letters. 请用大写字母写。
The artist wrote in ink/pencil( = with a pen/a pencil).
那个艺术家用钢笔/铅笔写字。
(3)注意以下固定短语:
on/over the telephone/radio 通过电话/广播
{in this/that way
by this/that means
with this/that method
用这/那种方式}
题组训练 用by, over, in, on 填空
[33]This form is to be filled in in ink.
[34]This toy is not machine-made. It is made by hand.
[35] In the morning I usually listen to the news over/on the radio.
四、表原因的介词
1. with 多用于表示情绪的形容词或身体动作或状态的动词之后, 表示某种心理或心理状态的原因。
2. for 多与表示感情的抽象名词或动名词及reason, famous等词连用。
3. from 常接抽象名词, 表示自然或间接原因。
4. of 用于某些形容词后, 后接与感情相关的人或事。
5. over 常用于带有感情色彩的动词, 如: cry, quarrel, laugh, sigh 等词之后, 叙述所发生事情的原因。
Her face went red with anger.
她气得脸都红了。
The West Lake is famous for its scenery.
西湖以它的景色而闻名。
五、表示支持、反对的介词
against 意为“反对”,指在观点或主张等方面与某人采取对立的态度。此外, against 还有“倚靠, 逆着, 相反, 在……的衬托下, 与……比赛”等意思。for 指在观点或主张等方面与某人采取一致的态度, 意思是“支持, 赞成”,与in favor of 同义。
Are you for or against the new road scheme?
你对修建新道路的计划是赞成还是反对?
She was forced to marry against her will.
她被迫违心地嫁了人。
That's against the law. 那是违法的。
The skier's red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.
滑雪者的红衣服在雪的衬托下显得分外醒目。
题组训练 介词填空
[36] ( 2012 陕西, 11 ) An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.
[37]Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back against a big tree.
六、其他常考介词
1. besides, except, but, other than, except for 的区别
(1)用于否定句时, besides, except 与but 可相互替换。
No other students passed the difficult maths exam except/besides/but Lin Tao and Wu Dong.
除林涛、吴东外没有别的学生通过那么难的数学考试。
(2)用于肯定句时的区别
1)except 意为: not including 除……之外(不再有)。
We all passed the exam except Tom.
除汤姆没及格外, 我们都及格了。(汤姆没及格)
2)besides 意为: in addition to 除……之外(还有)。
We have lots of things in common besides music.
除了音乐, 我们还有很多共同点。
注意: besides 在句中的位置较灵活, 可放在句首, 亦可放在句中;而except 多放在句中。此外, except 前几乎总有all, any,every, no 及其复合词。
He answered all the questions except the last one.
除最后一个问题没有回答外, 其余所有问题他都回答了。
I have a few friends besides you.
除了你之外, 我还有几个朋友。
3)except for 表示“除了……”之意, 它所叙述的事实或细节部分用来修正句子的主要意思。
The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
这篇作文写得很好, 只是有些拼写错误。
Your coat is good except for its color.
你的外套很好, 就是颜色不太好。
注意: 当except 用于句首时, 后面往往要加上for。
Except for this, everything is in good order.
=Everything is in good order except this.
除此之外, 一切正常。
(3)except 和but/other than 都可接名词、代词、动名词, 可以互换;但except 后接副词、介词短语、when 从句等时, but/other than 不可替换except。
He has always been in high spirits except recently.
除近来外, 他总是精神饱满。(副词)
The window is never opened except in summer.
除夏季外, 这扇窗户从不打开。(介词短语)
He has always been busy except when it is Sunday.
除星期日外, 他总是很忙。(when 从句)
(4)but, except 后都可接that 从句作宾语。
I asked nothing from him but/except that he should write to me every other week. 我对他并无其他要求, 只要他每隔一周给我写一封信。
(5)以上讲了besides 作介词时的用法。另外, besides 还可用作副词, 意为“in addition;also;moreover;furthermore(而且, 还有)”。
I don't want to go;besides, I am too tired.
我不想去。再说, 我也太累了。
This is my best suit;besides, I have two others.
这是我最好的一套衣服, 我另外还有两套。
题组训练 用except, except for, besides 填空
[38]I know nothing about the young lady except that she is from Beijing.
[39]I don't mind picking up your things from the store. Besides , the walk does me good.
[40]The car is nice except for the color.
2. for 与to 接后置的间接宾语
(1) buy/cook/fetch/find/get/make/order/save... + sth. + for +sb.
(2)bring/give/lend/offer/pay/pass/promise/read/return/send/show/tell/throw/write...+sth. +to+sb.
3. 形容词后的for与to
英语中经常遇见一些形容词与介词for 或to 搭配。这种搭配非常灵活, 现将几种常见的搭配情况简述如下:
(1)当形容词被副词too 或enough 修饰时, 其后只能用for。
The shirt is too large for me.
这件衬衫对我来说太大了。
(2) 当侧重于与别人比较, 有“对……而言” 之意时, 常用for。
Chinese is very difficult for me. I can't learn it.
中文对我来说太难了, 我学不会。
(3)当侧重于主观看法或感觉, 有“在……看来”之意时, 常用to。
Chinese is very difficult to me, but I'll try my best to learn it.
在我看来中文很难, 但是我会尽全力学习的。
(4)如果无特定的语境, 则用for 或to 都可以。这时主要看说话者的态度, 若说话者侧重第二条所述, 则用for;若说话者侧重第三条所述, 则用to。
The text is very easy to/for me.
在我看来这篇课文很容易/这篇课文对我来说很容易。
题组训练 介词填空
[41]These math problems are too difficult for me.
[42]The house is big enough for us two.
4. with 的用法
with 在英语中用法繁多, 在中学英语中也不例外, 因此成为高考热点并不稀奇。其主要用法如下:
(1)表示“和……在一起, 和, 同, 跟”的意思。
Mr. and Mrs. Smith were there, with their three small children.
史密斯夫妇带着他们三个年幼的孩子都在那儿。
Would you like to go to the theatre with us?
你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗?
You cannot see Mr. Johnson at the moment, as he is with the manager.
你此刻见不到约翰逊先生, 因为他和经理在一起。
(2)表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进的意思。
With time passing by, they have grown into big boys and big girls.
随着时间的流逝, 他们都长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。
Temperatures vary with the time of the year.
温度随着时节而变化。
(3)表示“带有”,表伴随的意思。
The waiter arrived with a cup of coffee.
服务员端着一杯咖啡来了。
(4)引导一个表示方式的状语附加语。
The stranger spoke with a foreign accent.
那个陌生人说话带外国口音。
He looked at me with a frown. 他皱着眉头看我。
(5)指原因或理由。
It is very stuffy in the room, with all the windows closed.
由于所有窗户都关着, 屋子里非常闷。
She was shivering with cold. 她冷得直发抖。
The small child trembled with fear. 那个小孩吓得打哆嗦。
His face was red with anger. 他的脸气得通红。
题组训练 介词填空
[43] With production up by 60% the company has had another excellent year.
[44]—What do you want to do with those old boxes?—To put things in when I move to the new flat.
5. by 的用法
(1)表示“不迟于(某时间)”的意思。
We have to be home by ten o'clock.
我们10 点钟之前得到家。
(2)表示“在……期间(一段指明的时间)”的意思。
They decided to travel by night. 他们决定在夜里行进。
(3)表示触及或抓住人体或物体的某一部分。
He seized me by the arm. 他抓住了我的胳膊。
(4)表示“由于……;凭借……”的意思。
He succeeded by hard work.
他由于努力工作而成功了。
(5)含有“以……的幅度, 差……”的意思。
This one is shorter than the other by three inches.
这一个比另一个短三英寸。
We lost the match by one goal. 我们以一球之差输了那场比赛。
(6)表示买卖东西所按以计算的数或量, 或付酬所按以计算的时间。
Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound, and eggs by the dozen. 牛奶论品脱卖, 黄油论磅卖, 鸡蛋论打卖。
(7)表示“按照……”或“根据……”的意思。
By my watch, the time is half past eleven.
按我的表, 现在是十一点半。
By the expression on his face, he seemed to be displeased.
从他的面部表情来看, 他似乎不高兴。
We shall get a storm before long by the look of the sky.
看天色, 暴风雨就要来了。
题组训练 翻译下列句子
[45]Can you finish the work by five o'clock?
你能在5 点钟以前完成这项工作吗?
[46]The bullet missed him by two inches.
那颗子弹差两英寸就打中他了。
[47]We sell ice creams by the thousand in summer.
我们在夏天出售的冰激凌数以千计。
6. beyond 的用法
(1)表示“(时间)过了, 比……晚, 迟于”。
They arrived beyond nine o'clock. 他们过了9 点才到。
He delayed the matter beyond the fixed time.
他把那件事拖过了规定的时间。
(2)表示“(位置)在……的那边, 在……以外”。
The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.
那个小村庄在离城20 英里以外的地方。
The village is beyond the mountain. 村庄在山的那边。
These students came from beyond the seas.
这些学生来自海外。
(3)表示“(范围)超过, 为……所不及”。
This book is beyond me. 这本书我看不懂。
He is living beyond his income. 他的生活入不敷出。
Her work is beyond praise. 她的工作令人赞不绝口。
Good health is beyond price. 健康的身体是无价之宝。
It was a case beyond the doctor's skill.
那位医生治不了这种病。
题组训练 介词填空
[48] Sorry, Madam. You'd better come tomorrow because it's beyond the visiting hours.
7. 名词与介词的固定搭配
1)要求用to 的名词: access, approach, attention, key, answer, apology, introduction, attitude, monument, devotion, journey, entrance, note, visit 等。
2)要求用in 的名词: interest, expert, pride, trouble 等。
3)要求用on 的名词: congratulations, effect, influence 等。
4)要求用其他介词的名词: prize(for),respect(for),victory(over),struggle(with),excuse(for),(for)fear(of),(on)condition that 等。
5)to 与情感名词连用, 表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”。
to+one's+{ delight / surprise / horror / sorrow / joy / regret }=to the { delight / surprise / horror / sorrow / joy / regret } of sb.
这种表达法表示结果, 用作状语, 位于句前、句中、句后皆可, 意为“使某人……的是”。为了强调, 可在to 前面加much。
题组训练 用适当的介词填空
[49] In order to change attitudes to employing women, the government is bringing in new laws.
[50]I sent them my sincere congratulations on their marriage.
[51] To my anger, all of them went to the cinema without me.
8. about, on, of
about 指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事, 其谈论的内容也较为普通;而on 则指比较有系统地或理论性较强地论述某事, 其论述的内容较正式或较严肃。在与tell, read, know, think 等动词连用时, of 侧重于粗略涉及, 而about 涉及的情况则详细得多。如:
He wrote on mathematics. 他撰写数学著作。
He wrote about the school. 他编写有关这所学校的情况。
It is a book on birds. 那是一本论及鸟类的书。(可能是一本学术著作)
It is a book about birds. 那是一本关于鸟的书。(可能是一本供小孩看的关于鸟类的故事书)
I know of him. 我对他有所了解。(只是大致了解)
9. 记忆以下句子
The shirts are different in color. 这些衬衫颜色不同。
The shirt looks beautiful on you. = You look beautiful in the shirt. 这件衬衫穿在你身上很漂亮/你穿上这件衬衫很漂亮。
Your account is far from (being)true/is far from(nowhere near/not anywhere near )the truth. 你所说的远非事实。
Papering the ceiling proved next to ( = almost) impossible without a ladder. 要裱糊天花板没有梯子可以说是办不到。
Birmingham is the largest city in Britain next to London.
在英国, 伯明翰是仅次于伦敦的最大城市。
七、常考介词短语
1. 介词与名词的常用搭配
(1)at+n. 表示状态
at a loss 不知所措
at breakfast 早餐时
at peace 处于和平中
at rest 静止, 不动
at sea 在海上, 在航海
at war 在战争中
at work 在工作
(2)at+n. 表示时间
at Christmas 在圣诞节
at dusk 在黄昏
at dawn 在黎明
at daybreak 在拂晓
at midnight 在午夜
at night 在夜里
at noon 在正午
at present 目前
at sunrise 日出时
(3)以at 开头组成的短语
at the beginning of 在……的开始
at the cost of 以……的代价
at the end of 在……的尽头
at the foot of 在……脚下
at the mercy of 在……支配下;任由……摆布
at the price of 以……的价格
at the risk of 冒……的危险
at the sight of 一看到……就……
(4)on+n. 表示状态
on a trip/journey/tour 在旅行
on display 陈列
on duty/guard 在值班/警戒中
on exhibition 在展出
on fire 着火
on holiday/vacation 在度假
on line 在工作(或运行) on sale 出售, 打折
on show 在展出
on the decrease 在减少
on the go 在忙碌中
on the increase 在增加
on the march 在进行中
on the way 在途中
on trial 在受审
(5)以on 开头的介词短语
on account of 因为
on behalf of 代表
on condition that 在……的条件下, 如果
on no account/condition/occasion 决不
on the basis of 以……为基础
on the occasion of 在……时
(6)by+n. 表示方式
by accident 偶然
by air/plane 乘飞机
by chance 偶然
by coincidence 碰巧
by force 用暴力
by hand 用手工
by mistake 错误地
by the day 按天算
by nature 天生地
by radio 通过收音机
by telegraph 以电报形式
by weight/volume/size/number 按重量/体积/大小/数量
(7)in+n. 表示方式
in cash 用现金付款
in width 在宽度上
in depth 在深度上
in detail 详细地
in English 用英语
in height 在海拔上
in length 在长度上
in ink 用墨水
in shape 在外形上
in size 在大小上
(8)in+n. 表示状态
in anger 生气地
in battle 在战斗中
in bed 在床上
in comfort 舒适地
in danger 处于危险中
in debt 负债
in delight 高兴地
in despair 绝望
in difficulty 处于困难中
in doubt 不确定, 拿不准
in fear 在恐惧中
in high spirits 情绪高昂地
in need 需要
in order 就绪
in peace 平静地, 平安地
in practice 在实践中
in print 已出版
in prison 在狱中
in public 公开地
in rags 穿着破烂
in ruins 成为废墟
in secret 秘密地
in silence 沉默着
in space 在太空中
in surprise 惊奇地
in trouble 在困难中
in use 使用中
in view 看得见
in wonder 惊奇地
(9)以in 开头构成的介词短语
in the face of 面对
in addition to 另外
in case of 万一;如果;假如
in celebration of 为庆祝……
in charge of 掌管……
in consequence of 由于……
in contrast to 与……相比
in control of 管理;控制;操纵
in exchange for 作为交换
in favor of 支持, 赞成
in fear of 害怕
in front of 在……前面(外部)
in honour of 为向……表示敬意
in memory of 为了纪念……
in need of 需要
in no case 决不
in no time 立刻
in no way 决不
in place of 代替
in possession of 拥有, 占有
in praise of 表扬
in preparation for 为……做准备
in respect of 关于
in response to 作为回应
in return 作为回报
in spite of 尽管
in support of 为支持……
in the charge of 在……的管理下
in the direction of 在……方向
in the front of 在……前面(内部)
in the habit of 有……习惯
in the hope of 抱着……的希望
in the middle of 在……中间
(10)of+n. 表示特征(等于相应的形容词)
of benefit 有益处的
of help 有帮助的
of importance 重要的
of interest 有趣的
of significance 有意义的
of use 有用的
of value 有价值的
(11)out of+n. 表示状态
out of balance 失去平衡
out of breath 上气不接下气
out of business 停业, 歇业
out of control 不受控制
out of danger 脱离危险
out of date 过期
out of debt 不欠债
out of fashion 不流行
out of luck 不走运
out of mind 发狂
out of office 在野
out of order 出故障
out of patience 不耐烦
out of season 过季
out of shape 走样, 不成形
out of sight 看不到
out of the question 不可能
out of question 毫无疑问
out of trouble 摆脱困难
out of work 失业
(12)under+n. 表示被动
under attack 遭到袭击
under consideration 在考虑中
under construction 在建造中
under control 处于控制之中
under discussion 在讨论中
under pressure 在压力下
under repair 在修理中
under treatment 在治疗中
under way 在进行中
(13)以under 开头的短语
under the care of...在……的看护下
under the command of...在……的统帅之下
under the control of...在……控制下
under the direction of...在……指导下
under the influence of...在……影响下
under the protection of...在……的庇护下
under the treatment of...由……治疗
under the leadership of...在……的领导下
(14)with+n. 表示方式
with anger 生气地
with confidence 有信心地
with courage 英勇地
with delight/joy 高兴地
with difficulty 困难地
with ease 轻而易举地
with fear 害怕地
with interest 有兴趣地
with pleasure 乐意地
with pride 骄傲地
with satisfaction 满意地
with success 成功地
with kindness 亲切地
(15)beyond+n. 表示“超出……,难以……”
beyond compare 无与伦比
beyond comprehension 难以理解
beyond control 失控
beyond description 难以描述
beyond doubt 不用怀疑, 确实
beyond expression 难以表达
beyond measure 非常;极其
beyond question 无可争辩;毋庸置疑
beyond reach 够不到
beyond words 难以表达
beyond one's wildest dreams 做梦都没想到, 远远出乎所料
2. 形容词与介词的常用搭配
(1)adj.+about
be anxious about 忧虑……
be careful about 小心……
be concerned about 担心……
be curious about 对……好奇
be excited about 对……感到兴奋
be particular about 对……讲究/挑剔
be serious about 对……认真
be sorry about 对……感到抱歉
be sure about 对……有把握
be upset about 对……感觉不高兴
be worried about 对……担心
(2)adj.+at
be angry at 恼怒于
be astonished at 对……吃惊
be bad at 不擅长
be delighted at 因……而高兴
be disappointed at 对……失望
be good at 擅长
be present at 出席
be skilled at 在……方面很熟练
be surprised at 对……吃惊
(3)adj.+in
be absorbed in 专注于
be active in 积极于
be confident in 对……有信心
be diligent in 勤于
be dressed in 穿着……
be engaged in 忙于……
be excellent in 在……方面优秀
be experienced in 在……方面有经验
be expert in 擅长
be interested in 对……感兴趣
be involved in 包括在……中, 被卷入
be lacking in 缺乏
be occupied in 忙于……
be rich in 富有……
be slow in 迟迟不……
be strong in 擅长
be successful in 在……成功
be weak in 不擅长
(4)adj.+for
be anxious for 急切盼望, 渴望
be eager for 渴望
be famous for 以……著名
be fit for 适合, 胜任
be good for 对……有益
be hungry for 渴望
be late for 迟到
be prepared for 为……做好准备
be ready for 准备好……
be sorry for 对……感到抱歉
be thankful for 因……而感激
be unfit for 不适合, 不胜任
(5)adj.+from
be absent from 缺席
be different from 不同于
be far from 远离
be free from 不受……影响
be safe from 免受……的伤害
(6)adj.+to
be blind to 对……是盲目的
be close to 接近
be contrary to 与……相反
be deaf to 不愿意听
be devoted to 致力于……
be equal to 等于……
be fair to 对……公平
be familiar to 对……来说熟悉
be friendly to 对……友好
be good to 对……好
be grateful to 对……心存感激
be harmful to 对……有危害
be important to 对……重要
be kind to 对……友好
be known to 为……所熟知
be married to 与……结婚
be necessary to 对……有必要
be opposed to 反对
be opposite to 与……对立
be polite to 对……有礼貌
be rude to 对……无礼
be second to 次于
be similar to 与……相似
be thankful to 感激
be useful to 对……有用
be/get used to 习惯于……
(7)adj.+of
be afraid of 害怕
be ashamed of 为……感到羞耻
be aware of 意识到
be capable of 能够
be composed of 由……组成
be fond of 喜欢
be full of 充满
be proud of 因……而自豪
be short of 短缺
be sure/certain of 坚信, 确信
be tired of 厌烦
be worthy of 值得
be/get rid of 除去, 摆脱
(8)adj.+with
by angry with(sb.)对(某人)发怒
be busy with 忙于
be combined with 与……结合
be concerned with 与……有关;涉及, 关心, 关注
be connected with 与……有关
be content with 对……满意
be covered with 被……覆盖
be crowded with 充满……
be familiar with 对……熟悉
be filled with 充满
be patient with 对……有耐心
be pleased with 对……感到满意
be popular with 受……的欢迎
be satisfied with 对……满意
be sick with 患……病
3. 其他常用短语
according to 根据
along with 随着
together with 连同
because of 因为
but for 要不是
next to 在……隔壁
owing to 因为
up to 直到;由……而定
by means of 借助于
by way of 经由, 经过(某地);作为
for fear of 唯恐
for the good of 为了……的利益
for lack of 因为缺乏
for the purpose of 为了……
for the sake of 为了……起见
for life 一生, 终身
题组训练 用适当的介词填空
[52] I am lucky. I have my dad in my life and we have a great relationship. Today he's on the way to being a second grandpa and is as proud as he can be.
[53] (2014 北京, 23) Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.
[54] ( 2014 天津, 6 ) Besides the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.
[55]The exercise was beyond the abilities of most of the class.
[56]Fred, who had expected how it would go with his daughter, had a great worry on his mind.
