Context 是什么
看注释:
/**
* Interface to global information about an application environment. This is
* an abstract class whose implementation is provided by
* the Android system. It
* allows access to application-specific resources and classes, as well as
* up-calls for application-level operations such as launching activities,
* broadcasting and receiving intents, etc.
*/
翻译一下就是
Context 是 App 全局信息的一个接口,这是一个抽象类,具体实现由 Android 系统提供,
用来支持获取 App 相关的资源和类,以及调用一些 App 级别的操作,比如打开 Activity, 发送广播等。
Activity 的继承关系
Activity -> ContextThemeWrapper -> ContextWrapper -> Context
Application 的继承关系
Application -> ContextWrapper -> Context
Service 的继承关系
Service -> ContextWrapper -> Context
ContextWrapper
由 Activity 和 Application, Service 的继承关系,我们可以看到,Context 最主要的一个实现类就是 ContextWrapper,看看 ContextWrapper 的代码:
/**
* Proxying implementation of Context that simply delegates all of its calls to
* another Context. Can be subclassed to modify behavior without changing
* the original Context.
*/
public class ContextWrapper extends Context {
Context mBase;
public ContextWrapper(Context base) {
mBase = base;
}
/**
* Set the base context for this ContextWrapper. All calls will then be
* delegated to the base context. Throws
* IllegalStateException if a base context has already been set.
*
* @param base The new base context for this wrapper.
*/
protected void attachBaseContext(Context base) {
if (mBase != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Base context already set");
}
mBase = base;
}
...
}
由注释和代码可以发现,ContextWrapper 真的是一个 Wrapper,操作都转发给这个 mBase了,所以这是个代理类,我们要一探究竟,还是要去看 mBase。
我们看到,在 Activity, Application, Service 中,都有去调用 attachBaseContext,这就是给 mBase 赋值的地方了,这时候用 Android Studio 就找不着哪里调用了,于是我们转去看 AOSP 源码。
我们先从 Activity 入手,已知 Activity 是在什么 ActivityThread 里面创建的(为什么已知,就要靠多研究啦,这里先不求甚解一下),搜了一下,我们发现了 attach 的地方:
2807 /** Core implementation of activity launch. */
2808 private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
... 省略
2826
2827 ContextImpl appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r);
2828 Activity activity = null;
2829 ... 省略
2846
2847 try {
2848 Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
... 省略
2857
2858 if (activity != null) {
2859 ... 省略
2872 appContext.setOuterContext(activity);
2873 activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
2874 r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
2875 r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
2876 r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window, r.configCallback);
所以我们来看 createBaseContextForActivity:
2990 private ContextImpl createBaseContextForActivity(ActivityClientRecord r) {
2991 final int displayId;
2992 try {
2993 displayId = ActivityManager.getService().getActivityDisplayId(r.token);
2994 } catch (RemoteException e) {
2995 throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
2996 }
2997
2998 ContextImpl appContext = ContextImpl.createActivityContext(
2999 this, r.packageInfo, r.activityInfo, r.token, displayId, r.overrideConfig);
3000
3001 ...
3017 return appContext;
3018 }
破案了,原来这个 mBase 就是 ContextImpl。
Activity,Service, Application 都是 Context的子类,有什么区别
其实就是问 ContextWrapper 和 ContextThemeWrapper 有什么区别,所以我们只要去看看 ContextThemeWrapper 就行了。总体来说就是加了主题、Resource 相关的一些东西。
一个 App有几个Context
我们会这样想,Activity, Service, Application 都是 Context 子类,所以 App 的 Context 个数是:
1 Application + n Activity + n Service
再想想不对,应用不一定单进程,所以Application 可能有多个了,所以还要考虑多进程的问题。
再想想还是不对,Context 里面不是 还有个 mBase,这也是一个 Context 实例,所以恐怕还要 x2
再想想,除了这些场景,还会有其他地方创建 Context 吗?其实也会的,我们看 Context 的子类,还有一个 BackupAgent。