Android系统中提供了很多Service,如剪切板服务，AMS服务等.很有必要一个app是如何获得这些service的.
app中如何获取Android系统中提供的service
app是通过context来获取的.
例如获取AMS:
ActivityManager am = (ActivityManager)getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
getSystemService()方法是Activity类中定义.
@Override
public Object getSystemService(@ServiceName @NonNull String name) {
if (getBaseContext() == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"System services not available to Activities before onCreate()");
}
if (WINDOW_SERVICE.equals(name)) {
return mWindowManager;
} else if (SEARCH_SERVICE.equals(name)) {
ensureSearchManager();
return mSearchManager;
}
return super.getSystemService(name);
}
而Activity继承自ContextThemeWrapper:
ContextThemeWrapper中定义了getSystemService()方法:
@Override public Object getSystemService(String name) {
if (LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE.equals(name)) {
if (mInflater == null) {
mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(getBaseContext()).cloneInContext(this);
}
return mInflater;
}
return getBaseContext().getSystemService(name);
}
getBaseContext()方法来自ContextWrapper类:
public Context getBaseContext() {
return mBase;
}
getSystemService()方法也就是来自ContextImpl:
public Object getSystemService(String name) {
return SystemServiceRegistry.getSystemService(this, name);
}
SystemServiceRegistry类getSystemService()
public static Object getSystemService(ContextImpl ctx, String name) {
ServiceFetcher<?> fetcher = SYSTEM_SERVICE_FETCHERS.get(name);
return fetcher != null ? fetcher.getService(ctx) : null;
}
SYSTEM_SERVICE_FETCHERS也定义在SystemServiceRegistry类中,是一个hashmap,key是name,value是实现了ServiceFetcher接口的一个对象:
final class SystemServiceRegistry {
private final static String TAG = "SystemServiceRegistry";
private static final HashMap<Class<?>, String> SYSTEM_SERVICE_NAMES =
new HashMap<Class<?>, String>();
private static final HashMap<String, ServiceFetcher<?>> SYSTEM_SERVICE_FETCHERS =
new HashMap<String, ServiceFetcher<?>>();
private static int sServiceCacheSize;
....................
}
ServiceFetcher 是一接口:
static abstract interface ServiceFetcher<T> {
T getService(ContextImpl ctx);
}
那么现在的问题就是SYSTEM_SERVICE_FETCHERS这个hashmap是什么时候初始化的.
在SystemServiceRegistry类中只有registerService()这个方法操作了SYSTEM_SERVICE_FETCHERS:
private static <T> void registerService(String serviceName, Class<T> serviceClass,
ServiceFetcher<T> serviceFetcher) {
SYSTEM_SERVICE_NAMES.put(serviceClass, serviceName);
SYSTEM_SERVICE_FETCHERS.put(serviceName, serviceFetcher);
}
该方法是一个私有方法,那么看谁调了它:
final class SystemServiceRegistry {
.........
// Not instantiable.
private SystemServiceRegistry() { }
static {
registerService(Context.ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE, AccessibilityManager.class,
new CachedServiceFetcher<AccessibilityManager>() {
@Override
public AccessibilityManager createService(ContextImpl ctx) {
return AccessibilityManager.getInstance(ctx);
}});
..........
registerService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE, ActivityManager.class,
new CachedServiceFetcher<ActivityManager>() {
@Override
public ActivityManager createService(ContextImpl ctx) {
return new ActivityManager(ctx.getOuterContext(), ctx.mMainThread.getHandler());
}});
...............
}
SystemServiceRegistry静态代码块中调用了registerService()方法.
也就是说当SystemServiceRegistry类初始化的时候,就会在其静态代码块中执行registerService()方法,填充SYSTEM_SERVICE_FETCHERS这个hashmap.
前面执行SystemServiceRegistry.getSystemService()方法时,如果是该类还没初始化,那么就会先进行类初始化.当类初始化完成之后,SYSTEM_SERVICE_FETCHERS这个hashmap中已经被初始化好了,可以通过name直接寻找其对应的value.这个value是模块类CachedServiceFetcher子类的对象.这个对象调用其createService()方法返回name对应的service.
要彻底搞明白这个过程的话,还需要分析SystemServiceRegistry类的registerService()方法的第三个参数:
以AMS为例:
registerService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE, ActivityManager.class,
new CachedServiceFetcher<ActivityManager>() {
@Override
public ActivityManager createService(ContextImpl ctx) {
return new ActivityManager(ctx.getOuterContext(), ctx.mMainThread.getHandler());
}});
registerService方法:
第一个参数 service的名字:
public static final String ACTIVITY_SERVICE = "activity";
第二个参数:
AMS代理类:ActivityManager
第三个参数:是一个实现了serviceFetcher接口的模块类CachedServiceFetcher的子类对象:
先看类CachedServiceFetcher:
static abstract class CachedServiceFetcher<T> implements ServiceFetcher<T> {
private final int mCacheIndex;
public CachedServiceFetcher() {
mCacheIndex = sServiceCacheSize++;
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public final T getService(ContextImpl ctx) {
final Object[] cache = ctx.mServiceCache;
synchronized (cache) {
// Fetch or create the service.
Object service = cache[mCacheIndex];
if (service == null) {
service = createService(ctx);
cache[mCacheIndex] = service;
}
return (T)service;
}
}
public abstract T createService(ContextImpl ctx);
}
对于AMS来说,其T为ActivityManager.
CachedServiceFetcher这个模块类很简单,就是实现了ServiceFetcher接口中getService()方法.
同时定义了一个抽象方法:T createService().那么其子类要负责实现这个创建Service的方法.
最终通过registerService()方法,第一个参数作为key将第三个参数存入了SYSTEM_SERVICE_FETCHERS这个hashmap中.
这样就彻底清晰了.当App中通过下面所示代码获取AMS时:
ActivityManager am = (ActivityManager)getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
实际上是传递了两个参数一个是Activity的context,另一个AMS的name.首先以name为key在SystemServiceRegistry.SYSTEM_SERVICE_FETCHERS找到AMS的CachedServiceFetcher<ActivityManager>子类对象.
然后调用这个对象的getService()方法:
public final T getService(ContextImpl ctx) {
final Object[] cache = ctx.mServiceCache;
synchronized (cache) {
// Fetch or create the service.
Object service = cache[mCacheIndex];
if (service == null) {
service = createService(ctx);
cache[mCacheIndex] = service;
}
return (T)service;
}
}
传入的ctx就是这个app的一个context.首次获取时从缓存中是查询不到的,所以会调用createService()方法先创建:
public ActivityManager createService(ContextImpl ctx) {
return new ActivityManager(ctx.getOuterContext(), ctx.mMainThread.getHandler());
}}
然后返回给调用者.
缓存机制
当调用这createService()方法创建对象之后,为了下次能快速获取,所以将其缓存起来了.
将其存储到了App的ContextImpl类的mServiceCache:
// The system service cache for the system services that are cached per-ContextImpl.
final Object[] mServiceCache = SystemServiceRegistry.createServiceCache();
下次在获取的时候,直接从context的缓存中拿.其中索引mCacheIndex在创建CachedServiceFetcher子类对象的时候的初始化.和其在SystemServiceRegistry静态代码块中注册的顺序一致.
通过以上分析可以如果想要直到App中通过getSystemService()方法获得到底是什么对象,看SystemServiceRegistry类中的静态代码块便知道了.
