一.使用线程池的好处
a.降低资源消耗。通过重复利用已创建的线程降低线程创建和销毁造成的消耗。
b.提高响应速度。当任务到达时，任务可以不需要的等到线程创建就能立即执行。
c.提高线程的可管理性。线程是稀缺资源，如果无限制的创建，不仅会消耗系统资源，还会
降低系统的稳定性，使用线程池可以进行统一的分配，调优和监控。
二.线程池工作原理
public void execute(Runnable command) {
if (command == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
/*
* Proceed in 3 steps:
*
* 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to
* start a new thread with the given command as its first
* task. The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and
* workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add
* threads when it shouldn't, by returning false.
*
* 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need
* to double-check whether we should have added a thread
* (because existing ones died since last checking) or that
* the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we
* recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if
* stopped, or start a new thread if there are none.
*
* 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new
* thread. If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated
* and so reject the task.
*/
int c = ctl.get();
if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
if (addWorker(command, true))
return;
c = ctl.get();
}
if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
int recheck = ctl.get();
if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
reject(command);
else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
addWorker(null, false);
}
else if (!addWorker(command, false))
reject(command);
}
简单来说，在执行execute()方法时如果状态一直是RUNNING时，的执行过程如下：
1.如果workerCount < corePoolSize，则创建并启动一个线程来执行新提交的任务；
2.如果workerCount >= corePoolSize，且线程池内的阻塞队列未满，则将任务添加到该阻塞队列中；
3.如果workerCount >= corePoolSize && workerCount < maximumPoolSize，且线程池内的阻塞队列已满，则创建并启动一个线程来执行新提交的任务；
4.如果workerCount >= maximumPoolSize，并且线程池内的阻塞队列已满, 则根据拒绝策略来处理该任务, 默认的处理方式是直接抛异常。
这里要注意一下addWorker(null, false);，也就是创建一个线程，但并没有传入任务，因为任务已经被添加到workQueue中了，所以worker在执行的时候，会直接从workQueue中获取任务。所以，在workerCountOf(recheck) == 0时执行addWorker(null, false);也是为了保证线程池在RUNNING状态下必须要有一个线程来执行任务。
线程池工作原理
三.ThreadPoolExecutor构造方法
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
ThreadFactory threadFactory,
RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
keepAliveTime < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
this.workQueue = workQueue;
this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
this.handler = handler;
}
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