上简单小例子：
接口
public interface IHello {
public void sayHello(String str);
}
目标对象
public class Hello implements IHello{
@Override
public void sayHello(String str) {
System.out.println("hello:"+str);
}
}
代理类
public class DynaProxyHello implements InvocationHandler {
//目标对象
private Object target;
/**
* 将被代理对象塞入，获取代理类
* @param object
* @return
*/
public Object bind(Object object){
this.target = object;
return Proxy.newProxyInstance(this.target.getClass().getClassLoader(), this.target.getClass().getInterfaces(), this);
}
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)
throws Throwable {
Object result = null;
//通过反射机制来运行目标对象的方法
result = method.invoke(this.target, args);
return result;
}
}
此处有两个疑问：1.Proxy.newProxyInstance()如何实现的代理、2.InvocationHandler接口的invoke()方法何时被调用，作用是什么？
1.jdk代理如何实现的？
通过代码：Proxy.newProxyInstance()发现
public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>[] interfaces,
InvocationHandler h)
throws IllegalArgumentException
{
Objects.requireNonNull(h);
final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone();
final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) {
checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs);
}
/*
* Look up or generate the designated proxy class.
*/
Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);
/*
* Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler.
*/
try {
if (sm != null) {
checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl);
}
final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);
final InvocationHandler ih = h;
if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
public Void run() {
cons.setAccessible(true);
return null;
}
});
}
return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});
} catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
Throwable t = e.getCause();
if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) t;
} else {
throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t);
}
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
}
}
其中：Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs)
/**
* Generate a proxy class. Must call the checkProxyAccess method
* to perform permission checks before calling this.
*/
private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>... interfaces) {
if (interfaces.length > 65535) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded");
}
// If the proxy class defined by the given loader implementing
// the given interfaces exists, this will simply return the cached copy;
// otherwise, it will create the proxy class via the ProxyClassFactory
return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);
}
其中：proxyClassCache.get
public V get(K key, P parameter) {
Objects.requireNonNull(parameter);
expungeStaleEntries();
Object cacheKey = CacheKey.valueOf(key, refQueue);
// lazily install the 2nd level valuesMap for the particular cacheKey
ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> valuesMap = map.get(cacheKey);
if (valuesMap == null) {
ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> oldValuesMap
= map.putIfAbsent(cacheKey,
valuesMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>());
if (oldValuesMap != null) {
valuesMap = oldValuesMap;
}
}
// create subKey and retrieve the possible Supplier<V> stored by that
// subKey from valuesMap
Object subKey = Objects.requireNonNull(subKeyFactory.apply(key, parameter));
Supplier<V> supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
Factory factory = null;
while (true) {
if (supplier != null) {
// supplier might be a Factory or a CacheValue<V> instance
V value = supplier.get();
if (value != null) {
return value;
}
}
// else no supplier in cache
// or a supplier that returned null (could be a cleared CacheValue
// or a Factory that wasn't successful in installing the CacheValue)
// lazily construct a Factory
if (factory == null) {
factory = new Factory(key, parameter, subKey, valuesMap);
}
if (supplier == null) {
supplier = valuesMap.putIfAbsent(subKey, factory);
if (supplier == null) {
// successfully installed Factory
supplier = factory;
}
// else retry with winning supplier
} else {
if (valuesMap.replace(subKey, supplier, factory)) {
// successfully replaced
// cleared CacheEntry / unsuccessful Factory
// with our Factory
supplier = factory;
} else {
// retry with current supplier
supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
}
}
}
}
其中：subKeyFactory.apply(key, parameter)
private static final class ProxyClassFactory
implements BiFunction<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>
{
// prefix for all proxy class names
private static final String proxyClassNamePrefix = "$Proxy";
// next number to use for generation of unique proxy class names
private static final AtomicLong nextUniqueNumber = new AtomicLong();
@Override
public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {
Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length);
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
/*
* Verify that the class loader resolves the name of this
* interface to the same Class object.
*/
Class<?> interfaceClass = null;
try {
interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
}
if (interfaceClass != intf) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
intf + " is not visible from class loader");
}
/*
* Verify that the Class object actually represents an
* interface.
*/
if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface");
}
/*
* Verify that this interface is not a duplicate.
*/
if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName());
}
}
String proxyPkg = null; // package to define proxy class in
int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL;
/*
* Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the
* proxy class will be defined in the same package. Verify that
* all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package.
*/
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
int flags = intf.getModifiers();
if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) {
accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL;
String name = intf.getName();
int n = name.lastIndexOf('.');
String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1));
if (proxyPkg == null) {
proxyPkg = pkg;
} else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"non-public interfaces from different packages");
}
}
}
if (proxyPkg == null) {
// if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package
proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + ".";
}
/*
* Choose a name for the proxy class to generate.
*/
long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;
/*
* Generate the specified proxy class.
*/
// 这里是真正生成代理类class字节码的地方
byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);
try {
return defineClass0(loader, proxyName,
proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length);
} catch (ClassFormatError e) {
/*
* A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the
* proxy class generation code) there was some other
* invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy
* class creation (such as virtual machine limitations
* exceeded).
*/
throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString());
}
}
}
这其中：byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);这里是真正生成代理类class字节码的地方(类似cglib)。
所以我们可以直接用这个方法 生成自己想要的代理类。
public static byte[] generateProxyClass(final String var0, Class<?>[] var1, int var2) {
ProxyGenerator var3 = new ProxyGenerator(var0, var1, var2);
final byte[] var4 = var3.generateClassFile();
// 此属性表示是不是要产生代理类文件
if(saveGeneratedFiles) {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
public Void run() {
try {
int var1 = var0.lastIndexOf(46);
Path var2;
if(var1 > 0) {
Path var3 = Paths.get(var0.substring(0, var1).replace('.', File.separatorChar), new String[0]);
Files.createDirectories(var3, new FileAttribute[0]);
var2 = var3.resolve(var0.substring(var1 + 1, var0.length()) + ".class");
} else {
var2 = Paths.get(var0 + ".class", new String[0]);
}
Files.write(var2, var4, new OpenOption[0]);
return null;
} catch (IOException var4x) {
throw new InternalError("I/O exception saving generated file: " + var4x);
}
}
});
}
return var4;
}
其中：saveGeneratedFiles此属性表示是不是要产生代理类文件
private static final boolean saveGeneratedFiles = ((Boolean)AccessController.doPrivileged(new GetBooleanAction("sun.misc.ProxyGenerator.saveGeneratedFiles"))).booleanValue();
此值默认jvm设置的是false,如果要修改默认值：
System.getProperties().put("sun.misc.ProxyGenerator.saveGeneratedFiles", "true");
温馨提示：产生的代理字节码文件默认存放位置是项目根目录。
有了如上分析，我们可以自己手动创建指定对象的代理类字节码文件。
public class TestMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
createProxyClassFile();
IHello a = new Hello();
ProxyHelloSelfMake m = new ProxyHelloSelfMake(new DynaProxyHello(a));
m.sayHello("lili");
}
private static void createProxyClassFile() {
String name = "ProxyHelloSelfMake";
byte[] data = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(name, new Class[]{IHello.class});
FileOutputStream out = null;
try {
out = new FileOutputStream(name + ".class");
System.out.println((new File("hello")).getAbsolutePath());
out.write(data);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (null != out) try {
out.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
运行结果：
image.png
用jd-gui工具打开ProxyHelloSelfMake.class文件：
public final class ProxyHelloSelfMake
extends Proxy
implements IHello
{
private static Method m1;
private static Method m3;
private static Method m2;
private static Method m0;
public ProxyHelloSelfMake(InvocationHandler paramInvocationHandler)
{
super(paramInvocationHandler);
}
public final boolean equals(Object paramObject)
{
try
{
return ((Boolean)this.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] { paramObject })).booleanValue();
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final void sayHello(String paramString)
{
try
{
this.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[] { paramString });
return;
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final String toString()
{
try
{
return (String)this.h.invoke(this, m2, null);
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final int hashCode()
{
try
{
return ((Integer)this.h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue();
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
static
{
try
{
m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.Object") });
m3 = Class.forName("com.jd.test.lfb.storage.IHello").getMethod("sayHello", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.String") });
m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);
m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);
return;
}
catch (NoSuchMethodException localNoSuchMethodException)
{
throw new NoSuchMethodError(localNoSuchMethodException.getMessage());
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException localClassNotFoundException)
{
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(localClassNotFoundException.getMessage());
}
}
}
此文件的重点在于InvocationHandler的赋值
public ProxyHelloSelfMake(InvocationHandler paramInvocationHandler)
{
super(paramInvocationHandler);
}
在创建ProxyHelloSelfMake时就要给他指定InvocationHandler，只有指定了InvocationHandler
public final void sayHello(String paramString)
{
try
{
this.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[] { paramString });
return;
}
this.h.invoke才知道反射哪个真正对象的m3方法。
此时说说第二个问题InvocationHandler接口的invoke()方法何时被调用，作用是什么？
InvocationHandler是通过反射调用目标方法。
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)
throws Throwable {
Object result = null;
//通过反射机制来运行目标对象的方法
result = method.invoke(this.target, args);
return result;
}
所以当获取到一个代理类后，进行方法调用顺序是这样的：
开始--->proxyclass.method()--->字节码中的method()--->实现了InvocationHandler接口中的invoke()--->反射调用method--->真实类的method方法--->结束
由此可见，
java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler没啥特别的只是起到了纽带作用，它衔接了目标类和代理类。
也就是有了这个纽带，方便了扩展。
client--proxy--target 关系图：
image.png
