abap系列-动态创建内表或结构

封装了个动态创建对象的类,可以参考ddic对象创建,也可以根据程序内的本地变量创建.
- 使用方法1:根据ddic对象创建

以下代码创建了一个MANTR类型的range表<lt_itab>,效果等同于lt_itab type range of mara-matnr,其中参数P_name为类型名称或对象名称,iv_name为字段名称

data lr_data type ref to data.
field-symbols:<lt_itab> type any table.

      zcl_dynamic_obj=>add_comp_by_name( p_name = 'CHAR1' iv_name = 'SIGN' ).
      zcl_dynamic_obj=>add_comp_by_name( p_name = 'CHAR2' iv_name = 'OPTION' ).
      zcl_dynamic_obj=>add_comp_by_name( p_name = 'MARA-MATNR' iv_name = 'LOW' ).
      zcl_dynamic_obj=>add_comp_by_name( p_name = 'MARA-MATNR' iv_name = 'HIGH' ).
      lr_data = zcl_dynamic_obj=>create_table( ).
      assign lr_data->* to <lt_itab>.

- 使用方法2:
根据DDIC类型创建, $\color{red}{注意}$ 如果iv_as_include为ABAP_FALSE,则创建的内表为嵌套结构,此时iv_name为必填,否则会报错.

data lr_data type ref to data.
field-symbols:<lt_itab> type any table.

      zcl_dynamic_obj=>add_comp_by_name( p_name = 'MAKT' iv_as_include = abap_true ). 
      zcl_dynamic_obj=>add_comp_by_name( p_name = 'syst-TABIX' iv_name = 'XH' )."序号
      lr_data = zcl_dynamic_obj=>create_table( ).
      assign lr_data->* to <lt_itab>.

以上代码创建的内表结构

- 使用方法3
根据程序内的本地对象创建,本地对象包括全局变量和局部变量

data: lv_day type d.
data lr_data type ref to data.
field-symbols:<lt_itab> type any table.

      zcl_dynamic_obj=>add_comp_by_data( p_data = lv_day iv_name = 'TODAY' ). 
      zcl_dynamic_obj=>add_comp_by_data( p_data = lv_day iv_name = 'YESTERDAY' ). 
      zcl_dynamic_obj=>add_comp_by_data( p_data = lv_day iv_name = 'TOMORROW' ). 

      lr_data = zcl_dynamic_obj=>create_table( ).
      assign lr_data->* to <lt_itab>.

方法3效果图

类代码如下,在SE24新建一个类zcl_dynamic_obj,然后切换到基于源代码模式,将以下代码粘进去激活即可

class zcl_dynamic_obj definition
  public
  final
  create public .

public section.

  type-pools abap .
  class-data t_comp type abap_component_tab .

  class-methods add_comp_by_table_line
    importing
      !p_data type any table
      !iv_name type c optional
      !iv_as_include type abap_bool optional
      !iv_suffix type c optional .
  class-methods add_comp_by_data
    importing
      !p_data type any
      !iv_name type c optional
      !iv_as_include type abap_bool optional
      !iv_suffix type c optional .
  class-methods add_comp_by_data_ref
    importing
      !p_data_ref type ref to data
      !iv_name type c optional
      !iv_as_include type abap_bool optional
      !iv_suffix type c optional .
  class-methods add_comp_by_name
    importing
      !p_name type any
      !iv_name type c optional
      !iv_as_include type abap_bool optional
      !iv_suffix type c optional .
  class-methods create_struct
    returning
      value(ro_data) type ref to data .
  class-methods create_table
    returning
      value(ro_data) type ref to data .
protected section.
private section.
endclass.



class zcl_dynamic_obj implementation.


* <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | Static Public Method ZCL_DYNAMIC_OBJ=>ADD_COMP_BY_DATA
* +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | [--->] P_DATA                         TYPE        ANY
* | [--->] IV_NAME                        TYPE        C(optional)
* | [--->] IV_AS_INCLUDE                  TYPE        ABAP_BOOL(optional)
* | [--->] IV_SUFFIX                      TYPE        C(optional)
* +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE>
method add_comp_by_data.
data lw_comp like line of t_comp.

lw_comp-type ?= cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_data(  p_data  = p_data ).
lw_comp-name = iv_name.
lw_comp-as_include = iv_as_include.
lw_comp-suffix = iv_suffix.
append lw_comp to t_comp.
endmethod.


* <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | Static Public Method ZCL_DYNAMIC_OBJ=>ADD_COMP_BY_DATA_REF
* +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | [--->] P_DATA_REF                     TYPE REF TO DATA
* | [--->] IV_NAME                        TYPE        C(optional)
* | [--->] IV_AS_INCLUDE                  TYPE        ABAP_BOOL(optional)
* | [--->] IV_SUFFIX                      TYPE        C(optional)
* +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE>
method add_comp_by_data_ref.
data lw_comp like line of t_comp.

lw_comp-type ?= cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_data_ref(  p_data_ref ).
lw_comp-name = iv_name.
lw_comp-as_include = iv_as_include.
lw_comp-suffix = iv_suffix.
append lw_comp to t_comp.
endmethod.


* <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | Static Public Method ZCL_DYNAMIC_OBJ=>ADD_COMP_BY_NAME
* +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | [--->] P_NAME                         TYPE        ANY
* | [--->] IV_NAME                        TYPE        C(optional)
* | [--->] IV_AS_INCLUDE                  TYPE        ABAP_BOOL(optional)
* | [--->] IV_SUFFIX                      TYPE        C(optional)
* +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE>
method add_comp_by_name.
data lw_comp like line of t_comp.

lw_comp-type ?= cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_name(  p_name  = p_name ).
lw_comp-name = iv_name.
lw_comp-as_include = iv_as_include.
lw_comp-suffix = iv_suffix.
append lw_comp to t_comp.
endmethod.


* <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | Static Public Method ZCL_DYNAMIC_OBJ=>ADD_COMP_BY_TABLE_LINE
* +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | [--->] P_DATA                         TYPE        ANY TABLE
* | [--->] IV_NAME                        TYPE        C(optional)
* | [--->] IV_AS_INCLUDE                  TYPE        ABAP_BOOL(optional)
* | [--->] IV_SUFFIX                      TYPE        C(optional)
* +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE>
method add_comp_by_table_line.
data lw_comp like line of t_comp.
data lo_wa type ref to data.
field-symbols <lfs_wa> type any.

create data lo_wa like line of p_data.
assign lo_wa->* to <lfs_wa>.

lw_comp-type ?= cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_data(  p_data  = <lfs_wa> ).
lw_comp-name = iv_name.
lw_comp-as_include = iv_as_include.
lw_comp-suffix = iv_suffix.
append lw_comp to t_comp.
endmethod.


* <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | Static Public Method ZCL_DYNAMIC_OBJ=>CREATE_STRUCT
* +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | [<-()] RO_DATA                        TYPE REF TO DATA
* +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE>
method create_struct.
  data lr_struct type ref to cl_abap_structdescr.

  lr_struct = cl_abap_structdescr=>create( p_components = t_comp ) .
  create data ro_data type handle lr_struct.
  clear t_comp.
endmethod.


* <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | Static Public Method ZCL_DYNAMIC_OBJ=>CREATE_TABLE
* +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | [<-()] RO_DATA                        TYPE REF TO DATA
* +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE>
method create_table.
  data lr_table type ref to cl_abap_tabledescr.

  lr_table = cl_abap_tabledescr=>create( cl_abap_structdescr=>create( p_components = t_comp p_strict = '' ) ).
  create data ro_data type handle lr_table.
  clear t_comp.
endmethod.
endclass.