The Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional holiday which occurs on the 5th day of the 5th month of the traditional Chinese calendar.
端午节是传统节日，发生在中国传统的农历五月初五。
#occur on 发生在，出现在
The Chinese calendar is lunisolar, so the date of the festival varies from year to year on the Gregorian calendar. In 2017, it occurred on 30 May; in 2018, on 18 June; in 2019, on 7 June; and in 2020, on 25 June, in 2021, on 14 June.
中国的历法是阴阳历，因此公历上的节日日期每年都不同。 2017年发生在5月30日； 2018 年，6 月 18 日； 2019 年，6 月 7 日； 2020年6月25日，2021年6月14日。
#lunisolar 阴阳历
#vary from 不同于
#Gregorian calendar 公历
Superstition
The fifth lunar month is considered an unlucky month. People believed that natural disasters and illnesses are common in the fifth month. In order to get rid of the misfortune, people would put calamus, Artemisia, pomegranate flowers, Chinese ixora and garlic above the doors on the fifth day of the fifth month. Since the shape of calamus forms like a sword and with the strong smell of the garlic, it is believed that they can remove the evil spirits.
农历五月被认为是不吉利的月份。人们认为五月天灾多病。五月初五，人们会在门上放菖蒲、艾蒿、石榴花、花菖蒲、大蒜，以消灾厄。大蒜的气味很浓，相信可以驱邪。
#superstition 迷信
#get rid of 摆脱
#calamus, Artemisia, pomegranate flowers, Chinese ixora and garlic （可积累）
#remove the evil spirits 辟邪
Another origin of Dragon Boat Festival: Before the Qin Dynasty (221-206 B.C.), the fifth month of the lunar calendar was regarded as a bad month and the fifth day of the month like a bad day, and known as the Dragon Boat festival nowadays. Poisonous animals will appear starting from this days such as snakes, centipedes, and scorpions as well as that people may get sick easily after this day. Therefore, during the Dragon Boat Festival, people try any way to avoid bad luck. For example, people paste pictures of the five poisonous creatures on the wall and stick needles in them. People also make paper cuttings of the five creatures and wrapped these around the wrists of their children. Big ceremonies and performances developed from these practices in many areas, making the Dragon Boat Festival a day for getting rid of disease and bad luck.
端午节的另一个起源：秦朝（公元前221-206年）之前，农历五月被视为凶月，五月初被视为凶日，被称为端午节如今。从这天开始，蛇、蜈蚣、蝎子等有毒动物会出现，而且人在这天之后很容易生病。因此，在端午节期间，人们想方设法避免厄运。例如，人们将五种有毒生物的图片贴在墙上并在其中扎针。人们还为这五种生物剪下剪纸，并将它们缠绕在孩子们的手腕上。许多地方都在这些习俗的基础上发展出盛大的仪式和表演，使端午节成为摆脱疾病和厄运的日子。
#Poisonous 有毒的
#centipedes 蜈蚣
#scorpions 蝎子
Qu Yuan
The story best known in modern China holds that the festival commemorates the death of the poet and minister Qu Yuan (c. 340–278 BC) of the ancient state of Chu during the Warring States period of the Zhou Dynasty. A cadet member of the Chu royal house, Qu served in high offices. However, when the king decided to ally with the increasingly powerful state of Qin, Qu was banished for opposing the alliance and even accused of treason. During his exile, Qu Yuan wrote a great deal of poetry. Twenty-eight years later, Qin captured Ying, the Chu capital. In despair, Qu Yuan died by suicide by drowning himself in the Miluo River.
近代中国最著名的故事认为，这个节日是为了纪念周朝战国时期楚国诗人兼大臣屈原（公元前 340-278年）的逝世。屈原是楚王室的学员，担任高官。然而，当国王决定与日益强大的秦国结盟时，曲因反对联盟而被放逐，甚至被指控叛国。在流放期间，屈原写了大量的诗歌。二十八年后，秦攻下楚都英。无奈之下，屈原投河自尽。
#sb/sth holds that... 这是一个从句，某事情或者某人持有什么的观点
#commemorate 纪念
#ally with... 与...结盟
#be banished for 被...放逐
#be accused of 被...指控
#exile 流放
It is said that the local people, who admired him, raced out in their boats to save him, or at least retrieve his body. This is said to have been the origin of dragon boat races. When his body could not be found, they dropped balls of sticky rice into the river so that the fish would eat them instead of Qu Yuan's body. This is said to be the origin of zongzi.
据说，当地崇拜他的人纷纷乘船出海救他，或者至少要找回他的尸体。据说这就是赛龙舟的起源。找不到他的尸体，他们把糯米团子丢进河里，让鱼吃掉，而不是屈原的尸体。据说这就是粽子的由来。
#balls of sticky rice 糯米团
During World War II, Qu Yuan began to be treated in a nationalist way as "China's first patriotic poet". The view of Qu's social idealism and unbending patriotism became canonical under the People's Republic of China after 1949 Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War.
二战期间，屈原开始被民族主义地视为“中国第一位爱国诗人”。 1949 年共产主义在中国内战中获胜后，曲的社会理想主义和坚定的爱国主义的观点在中华人民共和国统治下成为典型。
#patriotic 爱国的；忠诚的
#social idealism 社会理想主义
#unbending patriotism 坚定爱国主义
#canonical 典范
Practices and activities
Dragon boat racing
Dragon boat racing has a rich history of ancient ceremonial and ritualistic traditions, which originated in southern central China more than 2500 years ago. The legend starts with the story of Qu Yuan, who was a minister in one of the Warring State governments, Chu. He was slandered by jealous government officials and banished by the king. Out of disappointment in the Chu monarch, he drowned himself into the Miluo River. The common people rushed to the water and tried to recover his body. In commemoration of Qu Yuan, people hold dragon boat races yearly on the day of his death according to the legend. They also scattered rice into the water to feed the fish, to prevent them from eating Qu Yuan's body, which is one of the origins of zongzi.
龙舟赛有着悠久的古代礼仪传统，起源于2500多年前的中国中南部。传说始于屈原的故事，屈原是战国政府之一楚国的大臣。他被嫉妒的政府官员诽谤并被国王放逐。出于对楚国的失望，他投河自尽。百姓们纷纷赶到水边，试图恢复他的身体。相传为纪念屈原，人们每年在他死的那天都要举行龙舟比赛。他们还撒米入水喂鱼，防止鱼吃屈原的尸体，这也是粽子的由来之一。
#ritualistic 古代的
#be slandered by 被...放逐
Zongzi (traditional Chinese rice dumpling)
A notable part of celebrating Dragon Boat Festival is making and eating zongzi with family members and friends. People traditionally wrap zongzi in leaves of reed, bamboo, forming a pyramid shape. The leaves also give a special aroma and flavor to the sticky rice and fillings. Choices of fillings vary depending on regions. Northern regions in China prefer sweet or dessert-styled zongzi, with bean paste, jujube, and nuts as fillings. Southern regions in China prefer savory zongzi, with a variety of fillings including marinated pork belly, sausage, and salted duck eggs.
庆祝端午节的一个重要部分是与家人和朋友一起制作和吃粽子。人们传统上用芦苇叶、竹叶包裹粽子，形成金字塔形状。叶子还赋予糯米和馅料特殊的香气和风味。填充物的选择因地区而异。中国北方地区偏爱以豆沙、大枣、坚果为馅的甜型或点心式的粽子。中国南方地区更喜欢咸味粽子，馅料多种多样，包括腌五花肉、香肠和咸鸭蛋。
#reed, bamboo 芦苇，竹子
#pyramid 金字塔
#aroma, flavor 香味, 风味
#dessert-styled 点心风味的
#jujube 大枣
#marinated 腌制的
Zongzi appeared before the Spring and Autumn Period and was originally used to worship ancestors and gods; in the Jin Dynasty, Zongzi became a festive food for the Dragon Boat Festival. Jin Dynasty, dumplings were officially designated as the Dragon Boat Festival food. At this time, in addition to glutinous rice, the raw materials for making zongzi are also added with Chinese medicine Yizhiren. The cooked zongzi is called "yizhi zong".
粽子出现在春秋之前，最初用于祭祀祖先和神灵；到了晋代，粽子成为端午节的喜庆食品。金代，饺子被正式定为端午节食。此时，制作粽子的原料除了糯米外，还加入了中药益智仁。煮熟的粽子称为“一枝粽”。
#worship 祭祀
#be designated as 被定为...
#glutinous rice 糯米
The reason why the Chinese eat zongzi on this special day has many statements. The folk version is to hold a memorial ceremony for Quyuan. While in fact, Zongzi has been regarded as an oblation for the ancestor even before the Chunqiu period. From the Jin dynasty, Zongzi officially became the festival food and long last until now.
中国人在这个特殊的日子吃粽子的原因有很多说法。民间版本是为屈原举行追悼会。而实际上，早在春秋时期，粽子就已被视为供奉祖先的祭品。从金代起，粽子正式成为节日食品，并一直流传至今。
#statements 说法，陈辞
#oblation 祭品
#long last until now 流传至今
番外：端午诗歌中译英
端午[ 唐 ] 文秀
节分端午自谁言，万古传闻为屈原。
堪笑楚江空渺渺，不能洗得直臣冤。
译文
Where did the Dragon Boat Festival come from?
Predecessors have said, it was for Qu Yuan, the doctor of the Chu State.
The ridiculous Miluo Kong is vast and like foam.
Can't wash away the grievances of the loyal and upright.
端午[ 唐 ] 李隆基
端午临中夏，时清日复长。
盐梅已佐鼎，曲糵且传觞。
事古人留迹，年深缕积长。
当轩知槿茂，向水觉芦香。
亿兆同归寿，群公共保昌。
忠贞如不替，贻厥后昆芳。
译文
While Dragon Boat Festival, it is already close to the middle of summer, the daytime is gradually getting longer.
Salt and plum have added flavor in the pot, wine is poured in the cup.
This is a custom left by the ancients, and it has been many years.
Leaning on the railing, I knew the hibiscus grew luxuriant; Facing the water, I realized the reeds were really fragrant.
The people all over the world live a long and happy activity, all ministers protect the country's prosperity.
If everyone's loyalty to the country is consistent, this virtue will surely be spread in heart.
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