1.Bean的作用域
- singleton:单例Bean只在容器中存在一个实例,在Spring内部通过HashMap来维护单例bean的缓存
- prototype:每次索取bean时都会创建一个全新的Bean
- request:每次请求都会创建一个全新Bean,该类型作用于Web类型的Spring容器
- session:每个会话创建一个全新Bean,该类型作用于Web类型的Spring容器
- globalSession:类似于session作用域,只是其用于portlet环境的web应用。如果在非portlet环境将视为session作用域
- 总结:以上就是spring中bean的作用域,其中singleton,prototype属于Spring bean的基本作作用域,request,session,globalSession属于web应用环境的作用域,必须有web应用环境的支持
2.Bean的生命周期
- IoC容器启动
- 实例化bean
- 如果Bean实现了BeanNameAware接口,则调用setBeanName(String name)返回beanName,该方法不是设置beanName,而只是让Bean获取自己在BeanFactory配置中的名字
- 如果Bean实现BeanFactoryAware接口,会回调该接口的setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory)方法,传入该Bean的BeanFactory,这样该Bean就获得了自己所在的BeanFactory
- 如果Bean实现了ApplicationContextAware接口,则调用该接口的setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext)方法,设置applicationContext
- 如果有Bean实现了BeanPostProcessor接口,则调用该接口的postProcessBeforeInitialzation(Object bean,String beanName)方法,将此BeanPostProcessor应用于给定的新bean实例
- 如果Bean实现了InitializingBean接口,则会回调该接口的afterPropertiesSet()方法
- 如果Bean配置了init-method方法,则会执行init-method配置的方法
- 如果Bean实现了BeanPostProcessor接口,则会回调该接口的postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean,String beanName)方法
- 到此为止,spring中的bean已经可以使用了,这里又涉及到了bean的作用域问题,对于singleton类型的bean,Spring会将其缓存;对于prototype类型的bean,不缓存,每次都创建新的bean的实例
- 容器关,如果Bean实现了DisposableBean接口,则会回调该接口的destroy()方法销毁bean,
- 如果用户配置了定destroy-method,则调用自定义方法销毁bean
来看实际的例子:
- bean
package com.lyc.cn.v2.day01.lifecycle;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.*;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
public class LifeCycleBean implements
BeanNameAware,
BeanFactoryAware,
ApplicationContextAware,
InitializingBean,
DisposableBean {
// 姓名
private String name;
// 年龄
private int age;
@Override
public void setBeanName(String name) {
System.out.println("01-->BeanNameAware接口被调用了, 获取到的beanName:" + name);
}
@Override
public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("02-->BeanFactoryAware接口被调用了");
}
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("03-->ApplicationContextAware接口被调用了");
}
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
System.out.println("05-->InitializingBean接口被调用了");
}
public void myInit() {
System.out.println("06-->myInit方法被调用了");
}
@Override
public void destroy() throws Exception {
System.out.println("09-->DisposableBean接口被调用了");
}
public void myDestroy() {
System.out.println("10-->自定义destroy-method方法被调动了");
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "MyLifeCycleBean{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}';
}
}
package com.lyc.cn.v2.day01.lifecycle;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
public class LifeCycleBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if (bean instanceof LifeCycleBean) {
System.out.println("04-->调用postProcessBeforeInitialization方法, 获取到的beanName: " + beanName);
((LifeCycleBean) bean).setName("李四");
}
return bean;
}
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if (bean instanceof LifeCycleBean) {
System.out.println("07-->调用postProcessAfterInitialization, 获取到的beanName: " + beanName);
((LifeCycleBean) bean).setAge(30);
}
return bean;
}
}
- xml
<!-- ====================生命周期==================== -->
<!--注意:这里配置的name是张三,age是25,我们会通过beanPostProcessor来修改nage和age -->
<bean id="myLifeCycleBean" class="com.lyc.cn.v2.day01.lifecycle.LifeCycleBean"
destroy-method="myDestroy"
init-method="myInit">
<property name="name" value="张三"/>
<property name="age" value="25"/>
</bean>
<bean id="myBeanPostProcessor" class="com.lyc.cn.v2.day01.lifecycle.LifeCycleBeanPostProcessor"/>
- 测试
@Test
public void test13() {
// 生命周期测试
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("v2/day01.xml");
LifeCycleBean myLifeCycleBean = applicationContext.getBean("myLifeCycleBean", LifeCycleBean.class);
System.out.println("08-->bean可以被使用了, beanInfo: " + myLifeCycleBean.toString());
((ClassPathXmlApplicationContext) applicationContext).destroy();
}
- 结果
========测试方法开始=======
01-->BeanNameAware接口被调用了, 获取到的beanName:myLifeCycleBean
02-->BeanFactoryAware接口被调用了
03-->ApplicationContextAware接口被调用了
04-->调用postProcessBeforeInitialization方法, 获取到的beanName: myLifeCycleBean
05-->InitializingBean接口被调用了
06-->myInit方法被调用了
07-->调用postProcessAfterInitialization, 获取到的beanName: myLifeCycleBean
08-->bean可以被使用了, beanInfo: MyLifeCycleBean{name='李四', age=30}
09-->DisposableBean接口被调用了
10-->自定义destroy-method方法被调动了
========测试方法结束=======