buildroot编译
为啥要用buildroot
- 支持很多：交叉编译工具链、根文件系统生成、内核映像编译和引导加载程序编译。
- 使用简单：使用类似内核的menuconfig、gconfig和xconfig配置界面，使用buildroot构建基本系统很容易。
- 支持很多的包：很多benchmark的测试，qemu，kvmtools等都集成在里面。
基本介绍
目录结构
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- config：配置文件
- dl：下载的软件包
- output：输出文件
- package：软件包版本，编译配置信息
配置界面：
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主要关注：
- Target options：用于为构建目标选择特性和配置参数
- Toolchain：该选项用于配置工具链和编译器特性
- System configuration：该选项用于配置生成的文件系统的配置文件和启动特性
- Target packages：该选项用于选择和配置所需要的软件包和软件环境
- Filesystem images：该选项用于配置经buildroot编译构建后的文件系统的镜像格式
虚拟机根文件系统需设置：
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配置保存
配置文件作为.config存储在顶级buildroot源目录中。它是一个完整的配置文件，它包含所有选项的值。efconfig只存储选择了非默认值选项的值，这样更容易阅读、修改，可以用于配置的自动化构建。对于默认的buildroot配置，defconfig是空的，一切都是默认的。
在configs/目录下，有许多已经配置好的*_defconfig，我们可以根据它来生成.config文件。
make *_defconfig
然后再：
make menuconfig
它会覆盖当前的.config文件，如果要保存，则可以使用：
make savedefconfig
升级qemu
默认的qemu不支持cortex-a55，最新的qemu8.2.0则支持。
下载最新的qemu-8.2.0.tar.xz，并把它放入dl目录。
修改package/qemu目录下的qemu.mk:
QEMU_VERSION = 8.2.0
QEMU_SOURCE = qemu-$(QEMU_VERSION).tar.xz
QEMU_SITE = http://download.qemu.org
QEMU_LICENSE = GPL-2.0, LGPL-2.1, MIT, BSD-3-Clause, BSD-2-Clause, Others/BSD-1c
QEMU_LICENSE_FILES = COPYING COPYING.LIB
并且在qemu的编译配置中(搜索宏QEMU_CONFIGURE_CMDS)，添加编译参数：
--disable-hexagon-idef-parser
kernel编译
配置
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=/home/yue/beauty/proj/rk356x_linux_release_v1.3.0b_20221213/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/aarch64/gcc-arm-10.3-2021.07-x86_64-aarch64-none-linux-gnu/bin/aarch64-none-linux-gnu- menuconfig
选择KVM:
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配置console：
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关联根文件系统：
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编译
ake ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=/home/yue/beauty/proj/rk356x_linux_release_v1.3.0b_20221213/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/aarch64/gcc-arm-10.3-2021.07-x86_64-aarch64-none-linux-gnu/bin/aarch64-none-linux-gnu- j8
输出
- arch/arm64/boot/Image
- vmlinux
file一下发现：
- Image: Linux kernel ARM64 boot executable Image, little-endian, 4K pages
- vmlinux: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, ARM aarch64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, BuildID[sha1]=dad4c3147e36034c9cb13a786bd8e238f740504b, with debug_info, not stripped
查看编译信息：
SORTEX vmlinux
SYSMAP System.map
OBJCOPY arch/arm64/boot/Image
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 418 modules
编译报错
在编译buildroot中的dtc库的时候：
error：multiple definition of `yylloc'
屏蔽dtc-parse.tab.c文件中1205行左右的YYLTYPE yylloc，或者extern YYLTYPE yylloc:
/* The semantic value of the lookahead symbol. */
YYSTYPE yylval;
/* Location data for the lookahead symbol. */
//YYLTYPE yylloc
# if defined YYLTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL && YYLTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL
= { 1, 1, 1, 1 }
# endif
;
在编译buildroot中的ctest库时候：
buildroot/output/build/host-cmake-3.8.2/Source/cmServerProtocol.cxx:626:39: error: ‘numeric_limits’ is not a member of ‘std’
此时需要添加头文件引用：
#include <stdexcept>
#include <limits>
在编译qemu的时候:
FAILED: target/hexagon/idef-parser
link meson-generated_idef-parser.tab.c.o libglib-2.0.so: error adding symbols: file in wrong format
使用file查看这两个文件发现，一个是x86，一个是aarch64
--disable-hexagon-idef-parser
信息查看
内核版本：
cat /proc/version
Linux version 4.19.232 (root@yue-yi-machine) ((HEAD: f7165816db073abb32bfe4f754a317d687c7bbcf) (sdk version: rk356x_linux_release_20230710_v1.3.2f.xml) (gcc version 10.3.1 20210621
root@RK356X:/#
发行版本：
cat /etc/issue
Welcome to RK356X Buildroot
CPU信息：
root@RK356X:/# lscpu
Architecture: aarch64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 4
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
Vendor ID: ARM
Model name: Cortex-A55
Model: 0
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per cluster: 4
Socket(s): -
Cluster(s): 1
Stepping: r2p0
CPU max MHz: 1992.0000
CPU min MHz: 408.0000
BogoMIPS: 48.00
另外：cat /proc/cpuinfo可以查看每一个CPU信息。
内存信息：单位为MB
root@RK356X:/# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 3837 106 3567 1 163 3690
Swap: 0 0 0
分区信息：
me@ubuntu:~$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 875M 0 875M 0% /dev
tmpfs 185M 3.0M 182M 2% /run
/dev/mmcblk0p2 29G 4.0G 24G 15% /
tmpfs 924M 0 924M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 924M 0 924M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 58M 58M 0 100% /snap/core20/1614
/dev/loop2 92M 92M 0 100% /snap/lxd/24065
/dev/loop1 62M 62M 0 100% /snap/lxd/22761
/dev/loop3 36M 36M 0 100% /snap/snapd/20674
/dev/mmcblk0p1 253M 121M 132M 48% /boot/firmware
tmpfs 185M 0 185M 0% /run/user/1000
查看是否开启了KVM:
查看开机信息：
[ 0.011336] CPU: All CPU(s) started at EL2
[ 0.106179] kvm [1]: IPA Size Limit: 44 bits
[ 0.107506] kvm [1]: vgic interrupt IRQ9
[ 0.107646] kvm [1]: Hyp mode initialized successfully
编译时确认：
如果是buildroot编译，可以查看kernel/arch/arm64/configs目录下，指定的配置文件是否有CONFIG_VIRTUALIZATION宏，如果没有，需要自己配置添加上。
命令查看：
zcat /proc/config.gz | grep "CONFIG_VIRTUALIZATION"
得到shell输出：
CONFIG_VIRTUALIZATION=y
firefly-rk3568环境搭建
sdk安装
下载sdk：Firefly | 让科技更简单，让生活更智能 (t-firefly.com)
- 解压SDK
chmod +x ./sdk_tools.sh
创建一个目录以存放SDK：比如我现在这个是3588的SDK，我想解压到上一层文件夹，避免污染当前目录
mkdir ../firefly_rk3588_SDK
./sdk_tools.sh --unpack -C ../firefly_rk3588_SDK
- 还原工作目录
选择刚才解压后的目录
./sdk_tools.sh --sync -C ../firefly_rk3588_SDK
可以使用上面脚本执行或者手动执行命令，然后进入刚刚解压后的目录
cd ../firefly_rk3588_SDK
.repo/repo/repo sync -l
.repo/repo/repo start firefly --all
- 更新SDK
前面2个步骤只在第一次解压SDK时执行，后续更新SDK只需进入SDK目录执行第3步骤，进行网络更新
.repo/repo/repo sync -c --no-tags
编译
执行：./build.sh,选择：rk3568-firefly
烧录
使用工具：RKDevTool_Release
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加载虚拟机镜像
使用tftp从主机下载开发板，因为是busybox里面的tftp，是一款应用于嵌入式开发系统上的一款小巧tftp工具，所以方法和普通tftp有异：
root@RK356X:/# tftp ?
BusyBox v1.34.1 (2023-12-23 16:25:21 CST) multi-call binary.
Usage: tftp [OPTIONS] HOST [PORT]
Transfer a file from/to tftp server
-l FILE Local FILE
-r FILE Remote FILE
-g Get file
-p Put file
-b SIZE Transfer blocks in bytes
tftp -g -l Image -r Image 192.168.0.102
树莓派4B环境搭建
烧录
树莓派的烧录需要一张SD卡，并将其格式化fat32。使用raspberry Pi Imager工具把linux镜像烧录到SD卡中。
https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/
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配置修改
cmdline.txt需要修改，取消slient：
console=serial0,115200 console=tty1 root=PARTUUID=686c0ceb-02 rootfstype=ext4 fsck.repair=yes rootwait splash plymouth.ignore-serial-consoles
config.txt需要修改，使能uart：
enable_uart=1
如果需要启动u-boot，还得添加：
kernel=u-boot.bin
并将u-boot.bin/uImage/urootfs.cpio放入sd卡根目录中。
uboot中启动kernel：
setenv bootargs "8250.nr_uarts=1 console=ttyS0,115200"
fatload mmc 0:1 0x80000 uImage; fatload mmc 0:1 0x3800000 bcm2711-rpi-4-b.dtb; fatload mmc 0:1 0x5800000 urootfs.cpio; bootm 0x80000 0x5800000 0x3800000
运行
安装qemu，因为是debian系统，所以直接用apt命令了：
sudo apt install qemu-system
报警告：
hwmon1: Undervoltage detected
电压不足，我是用的usb连接的电脑端。换了根电源线，好一点。
后面直接接手机快充+配套电源线。可恶的警告⚠再也没出现了。可见一定要给供电能力配足。
测试
基准测试程序
- Dhrystone是一个用于测量处理器整形性能的简单基准测试
- Cachebench是评估计算机系统内存性能
- 内存带宽已经被认为能够影响系统性能
- Hackbench通过确定调度给定数目任务花费的时间来测量系统调度性能
unixbench能测什么
测试结果
linux kernel使用：4.19.232
unixbench版本：BYTE UNIX Benchmarks (Version 5.1.3)
qemu版本：最新的8.2.0
硬件：4核A55，4GB内存
测试结果：
在rk3568中，启用qemu，并分别在使能和不使能kvm的情况下启动虚拟机linux。
- 不使能kvm性能很差，使用unixbench，Dhrystone只能达到硬件的2.04%
- 使能kvm后性能提升非常大，使用unixbench，单多核Dhrystone均达到98.4%
- 当使用kvmtool替换掉qemu后，使用unixbench，单多核Dhrystone也能达到98.35%，和qemu几乎相差不大
虚拟机linux kernel：4.19.232
host linux kernel：6.1.0
unixbench版本：BYTE UNIX Benchmarks (Version 5.1.3)
硬件：4核A72，2GB内存
测试结果：
在树莓派中使能KVM，并启动虚拟机Linux。
- 虚拟机比真实物理机的Dhrystone测试结果更快，达到了100.7%
- 差异点可能在于内核的版本和配置，没有一致
rk3568(A55-4核-4GB)
直接运行linux
第一次测试，把unixbench放入tmpfs测试：
========================================================================
BYTE UNIX Benchmarks (Version 5.1.3)
System: RK356X: GNU/Linux
OS: GNU/Linux -- 4.19.232 -- #1 SMP Fri Dec 22 15:28:34 CST 2023
Machine: aarch64 (unknown)
Language: (charmap=, collate=)
CPU 0: (48.0 bogomips)
CPU 1: (48.0 bogomips)
CPU 2: (48.0 bogomips)
CPU 3: (48.0 bogomips)
01:02:26 up 35 min, 0 users, load average: 0.09, 0.04, 0.01; runlevel
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Tue Jan 02 2024 01:02:26 - 01:30:47
4 CPUs in system; running 1 parallel copy of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 12048408.6 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 2729.1 MWIPS (10.1 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 702.0 lps (29.9 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 286853.2 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 82849.8 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 687970.7 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 490535.2 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 34078.8 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 2246.3 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 1476.0 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 460.7 lpm (60.1 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 746013.0 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 12048408.6 1032.4
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 2729.1 496.2
Execl Throughput 43.0 702.0 163.3
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 286853.2 724.4
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 82849.8 500.6
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 687970.7 1186.2
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 490535.2 394.3
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 34078.8 85.2
Process Creation 126.0 2246.3 178.3
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 1476.0 348.1
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 460.7 767.8
System Call Overhead 15000.0 746013.0 497.3
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 418.2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Tue Jan 02 2024 01:30:47 - 01:59:11
4 CPUs in system; running 4 parallel copies of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 46934003.7 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 10671.0 MWIPS (10.1 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 2514.5 lps (29.9 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 544406.0 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 151998.7 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 1428537.7 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 1915090.3 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 196978.4 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 7348.1 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 4310.9 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 575.1 lpm (60.2 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 2696112.3 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 46934003.7 4021.8
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 10671.0 1940.2
Execl Throughput 43.0 2514.5 584.8
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 544406.0 1374.8
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 151998.7 918.4
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 1428537.7 2463.0
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 1915090.3 1539.5
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 196978.4 492.4
Process Creation 126.0 7348.1 583.2
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 4310.9 1016.7
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 575.1 958.5
System Call Overhead 15000.0 2696112.3 1797.4
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 1221.1
第二次，把unixbench放入sda磁盘测试，文件拷贝速度显著减弱：
========================================================================
BYTE UNIX Benchmarks (Version 5.1.3)
System: RK356X: GNU/Linux
OS: GNU/Linux -- 4.19.232 -- #1 SMP Fri Dec 22 15:28:34 CST 2023
Machine: aarch64 (unknown)
Language: (charmap=, collate=)
CPU 0: (48.0 bogomips)
CPU 1: (48.0 bogomips)
CPU 2: (48.0 bogomips)
CPU 3: (48.0 bogomips)
08:12:29 up 0 min, 0 users, load average: 0.26, 0.10, 0.03; runlevel
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Fri Dec 29 2023 08:12:29 - 08:40:51
4 CPUs in system; running 1 parallel copy of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 11976868.7 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 2716.7 MWIPS (10.1 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 689.3 lps (29.9 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 88528.7 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 25141.9 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 293936.5 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 488819.7 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 33583.5 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 2216.5 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 1384.7 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 435.5 lpm (60.1 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 742257.1 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 11976868.7 1026.3
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 2716.7 493.9
Execl Throughput 43.0 689.3 160.3
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 88528.7 223.6
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 25141.9 151.9
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 293936.5 506.8
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 488819.7 392.9
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 33583.5 84.0
Process Creation 126.0 2216.5 175.9
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 1384.7 326.6
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 435.5 725.8
System Call Overhead 15000.0 742257.1 494.8
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 314.9
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Fri Dec 29 2023 08:40:51 - 09:09:15
4 CPUs in system; running 4 parallel copies of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 46773415.3 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 10638.8 MWIPS (10.1 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 2500.9 lps (29.9 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 110127.0 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 29874.4 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 397006.1 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 1909959.0 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 196549.5 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 6751.0 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 4099.2 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 544.8 lpm (60.2 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 2690986.9 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 46773415.3 4008.0
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 10638.8 1934.3
Execl Throughput 43.0 2500.9 581.6
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 110127.0 278.1
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 29874.4 180.5
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 397006.1 684.5
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 1909959.0 1535.3
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 196549.5 491.4
Process Creation 126.0 6751.0 535.8
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 4099.2 966.8
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 544.8 908.0
System Call Overhead 15000.0 2690986.9 1794.0
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 824.5
qemu(a55-4核-2GB)
在rk3568的linux中不使能KVM，进行模拟：
qemu-system-aarch64 -M virt,virtualization=true -cpu cortex-a55 -nographic -smp 4 -m 2048 -kernel Image --append "console=ttyAMA0"
结果：
========================================================================
BYTE UNIX Benchmarks (Version 5.1.3)
System: RK3568_qemu: GNU/Linux
OS: GNU/Linux -- 4.19.232 -- #2 SMP PREEMPT Fri Dec 29 09:46:36 CST 2023
Machine: aarch64 (unknown)
Language: (charmap=, collate=)
CPU 0: (125.0 bogomips)
CPU 1: (125.0 bogomips)
CPU 2: (125.0 bogomips)
CPU 3: (125.0 bogomips)
02:50:14 up 2 min, 1 user, load average: 0.61, 0.30, 0.11; runlevel
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Fri Dec 29 2023 02:50:15 - 03:20:33
4 CPUs in system; running 1 parallel copy of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 274451.3 lps (10.3 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 81.9 MWIPS (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 20.0 lps (29.6 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 2864.5 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 775.0 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 9293.7 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 4334.4 lps (10.3 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 464.6 lps (10.3 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 37.3 lps (30.3 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 43.6 lpm (60.5 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 7.3 lpm (65.9 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 5166.9 lps (10.3 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 274451.3 23.5
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 81.9 14.9
Execl Throughput 43.0 20.0 4.6
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 2864.5 7.2
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 775.0 4.7
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 9293.7 16.0
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 4334.4 3.5
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 464.6 1.2
Process Creation 126.0 37.3 3.0
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 43.6 10.3
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 7.3 12.1
System Call Overhead 15000.0 5166.9 3.4
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 6.4
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Fri Dec 29 2023 03:20:33 - 03:54:14
4 CPUs in system; running 4 parallel copies of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 958472.9 lps (10.8 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 305.9 MWIPS (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 42.9 lps (30.9 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 11160.0 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 2090.4 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 40914.0 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 9138.3 lps (11.2 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 766.3 lps (11.3 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 74.5 lps (31.5 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 59.5 lpm (63.5 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 3.1 lpm (78.5 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 5585.6 lps (11.3 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 958472.9 82.1
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 305.9 55.6
Execl Throughput 43.0 42.9 10.0
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 11160.0 28.2
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 2090.4 12.6
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 40914.0 70.5
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 9138.3 7.3
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 766.3 1.9
Process Creation 126.0 74.5 5.9
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 59.5 14.0
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 3.1 5.1
System Call Overhead 15000.0 5585.6 3.7
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 13.1
qemu(host-4核-2GB)
在rk3568的linux中输入命令：
qemu-system-aarch64 -cpu host -m 2048 -enable-kvm -nographic -machine virt -smp 4 -kernel Image -append "console=ttyAMA0"
结果：
========================================================================
BYTE UNIX Benchmarks (Version 5.1.3)
System: RK3568_qemu: GNU/Linux
OS: GNU/Linux -- 4.19.232 -- #2 SMP PREEMPT Fri Dec 29 09:46:36 CST 2023
Machine: aarch64 (unknown)
Language: (charmap=, collate=)
CPU 0: (48.0 bogomips)
CPU 1: (48.0 bogomips)
CPU 2: (48.0 bogomips)
CPU 3: (48.0 bogomips)
07:02:45 up 0 min, 1 user, load average: 0.03, 0.01, 0.00; runlevel
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Fri Dec 29 2023 07:02:45 - 07:31:04
4 CPUs in system; running 1 parallel copy of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 11819460.8 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 2945.1 MWIPS (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 1025.8 lps (29.9 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 301514.3 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 89249.3 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 715154.7 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 577421.2 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 31832.7 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 1459.0 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 1259.9 lpm (60.1 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 526.5 lpm (60.1 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 844864.8 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 11819460.8 1012.8
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 2945.1 535.5
Execl Throughput 43.0 1025.8 238.6
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 301514.3 761.4
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 89249.3 539.3
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 715154.7 1233.0
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 577421.2 464.2
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 31832.7 79.6
Process Creation 126.0 1459.0 115.8
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 1259.9 297.1
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 526.5 877.5
System Call Overhead 15000.0 844864.8 563.2
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 431.1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Fri Dec 29 2023 07:31:04 - 07:59:26
4 CPUs in system; running 4 parallel copies of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 46075093.1 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 11500.5 MWIPS (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 2586.5 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 617301.3 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 183004.5 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 1446823.8 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 2253111.7 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 311796.3 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 4987.0 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 4130.5 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 564.8 lpm (60.2 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 3029954.4 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 46075093.1 3948.2
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 11500.5 2091.0
Execl Throughput 43.0 2586.5 601.5
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 617301.3 1558.8
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 183004.5 1105.8
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 1446823.8 2494.5
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 2253111.7 1811.2
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 311796.3 779.5
Process Creation 126.0 4987.0 395.8
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 4130.5 974.2
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 564.8 941.4
System Call Overhead 15000.0 3029954.4 2020.0
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 1294.3
kvmtool(host-4核-2GB)
root@RK356X:/root# lkvm run --kernel Image -m 2048
# lkvm run -k Image -m 2048 -c 4 --name guest-1568
其中kernel默认配置即可，rootfs同理，不需要更改ttyAMA0。
========================================================================
BYTE UNIX Benchmarks (Version 5.1.3)
System: RK3568_qemu: GNU/Linux
OS: GNU/Linux -- 5.16.12 -- #3 SMP PREEMPT Wed Jan 10 16:17:21 CST 2024
Machine: aarch64 (unknown)
Language: (charmap=, collate=)
CPU 0: (48.0 bogomips)
CPU 1: (48.0 bogomips)
CPU 2: (48.0 bogomips)
CPU 3: (48.0 bogomips)
00:00:21 up 0 min, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00; runlevel
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Thu Jan 01 1970 00:00:21 - 00:28:42
4 CPUs in system; running 1 parallel copy of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 11791200.9 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 2942.2 MWIPS (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 417.8 lps (29.9 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 245581.3 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 75954.9 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 597586.0 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 514077.4 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 26346.4 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 251.0 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 1071.0 lpm (60.1 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 394.0 lpm (60.2 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 715970.1 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 11791200.9 1010.4
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 2942.2 534.9
Execl Throughput 43.0 417.8 97.2
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 245581.3 620.2
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 75954.9 458.9
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 597586.0 1030.3
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 514077.4 413.2
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 26346.4 65.9
Process Creation 126.0 251.0 19.9
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 1071.0 252.6
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 394.0 656.7
System Call Overhead 15000.0 715970.1 477.3
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 305.5
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Thu Jan 01 1970 00:28:42 - 00:57:05
4 CPUs in system; running 4 parallel copies of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 46001918.1 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 11480.7 MWIPS (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 1861.1 lps (29.9 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 566906.0 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 171430.7 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 1294907.7 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 2005545.6 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 215499.0 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 4414.2 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 3166.2 lpm (60.1 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 422.4 lpm (60.3 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 2611391.3 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 46001918.1 3941.9
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 11480.7 2087.4
Execl Throughput 43.0 1861.1 432.8
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 566906.0 1431.6
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 171430.7 1035.8
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 1294907.7 2232.6
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 2005545.6 1612.2
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 215499.0 538.7
Process Creation 126.0 4414.2 350.3
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 3166.2 746.7
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 422.4 704.0
System Call Overhead 15000.0 2611391.3 1740.9
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 1104.2
树莓派4B(A72-4核-2GB)
直接运行linux
直接把unixbench放入tmpfs测试：
========================================================================
BYTE UNIX Benchmarks (Version 5.1.3)
System: raspberrypi: GNU/Linux
OS: GNU/Linux -- 6.1.0-rpi7-rpi-v8 -- #1 SMP PREEMPT Debian 1:6.1.63-1+rpt1 (2023-11-24)
Machine: aarch64 (unknown)
Language: en_US.utf8 (charmap="ANSI_X3.4-1968", collate="ANSI_X3.4-1968")
CPU 0: (108.0 bogomips)
CPU 1: (108.0 bogomips)
CPU 2: (108.0 bogomips)
CPU 3: (108.0 bogomips)
04:53:13 up 10 min, 3 users, load average: 0.69, 0.54, 0.31; runlevel Jan
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Wed Jan 03 2024 04:53:13 - 05:21:26
4 CPUs in system; running 1 parallel copy of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 19203197.4 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 3225.8 MWIPS (9.9 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 1132.7 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 190043.9 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 57100.4 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 520541.2 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 182851.4 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 37719.8 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 1996.6 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 3365.8 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 455.4 lpm (60.1 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 128006.6 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 19203197.4 1645.5
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 3225.8 586.5
Execl Throughput 43.0 1132.7 263.4
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 190043.9 479.9
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 57100.4 345.0
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 520541.2 897.5
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 182851.4 147.0
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 37719.8 94.3
Process Creation 126.0 1996.6 158.5
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 3365.8 793.8
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 455.4 759.0
System Call Overhead 15000.0 128006.6 85.3
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 356.9
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Wed Jan 03 2024 05:21:26 - 05:49:02
4 CPUs in system; running 4 parallel copies of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 27031362.4 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 5970.9 MWIPS (7.1 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 1539.6 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 285477.7 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 80235.0 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 798634.9 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 257923.5 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 45554.8 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 4925.6 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 3740.2 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 499.8 lpm (60.1 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 178635.9 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 27031362.4 2316.3
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 5970.9 1085.6
Execl Throughput 43.0 1539.6 358.0
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 285477.7 720.9
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 80235.0 484.8
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 798634.9 1377.0
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 257923.5 207.3
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 45554.8 113.9
Process Creation 126.0 4925.6 390.9
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 3740.2 882.1
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 499.8 832.9
System Call Overhead 15000.0 178635.9 119.1
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 515.2
直接接入5v/3a的手机电源，性能确实显著提升了，可见一定要给足电源供电：
========================================================================
BYTE UNIX Benchmarks (Version 5.1.3)
System: raspberrypi: GNU/Linux
OS: GNU/Linux -- 6.1.0-rpi7-rpi-v8 -- #1 SMP PREEMPT Debian 1:6.1.63-1+rpt1 (2023-11-24)
Machine: aarch64 (unknown)
Language: en_US.utf8 (charmap="ANSI_X3.4-1968", collate="ANSI_X3.4-1968")
CPU 0: (108.0 bogomips)
CPU 1: (108.0 bogomips)
CPU 2: (108.0 bogomips)
CPU 3: (108.0 bogomips)
08:27:14 up 0 min, 3 users, load average: 1.07, 0.39, 0.14; runlevel Jan
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Wed Jan 03 2024 08:27:14 - 08:55:28
4 CPUs in system; running 1 parallel copy of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 19259097.7 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 3225.7 MWIPS (9.9 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 1109.5 lps (29.8 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 172250.3 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 50151.7 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 479185.6 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 183515.7 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 37330.6 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 1973.5 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 3498.7 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 962.3 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 128098.5 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 19259097.7 1650.3
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 3225.7 586.5
Execl Throughput 43.0 1109.5 258.0
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 172250.3 435.0
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 50151.7 303.0
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 479185.6 826.2
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 183515.7 147.5
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 37330.6 93.3
Process Creation 126.0 1973.5 156.6
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 3498.7 825.2
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 962.3 1603.9
System Call Overhead 15000.0 128098.5 85.4
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 370.2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Wed Jan 03 2024 08:55:28 - 09:23:44
4 CPUs in system; running 4 parallel copies of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 74018347.3 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 12887.5 MWIPS (9.9 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 3300.0 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 650225.3 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 193757.5 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 1355042.7 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 705913.3 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 127388.2 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 7114.5 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 7725.8 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 1020.3 lpm (60.1 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 492634.0 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 74018347.3 6342.6
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 12887.5 2343.2
Execl Throughput 43.0 3300.0 767.5
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 650225.3 1642.0
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 193757.5 1170.7
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 1355042.7 2336.3
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 705913.3 567.5
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 127388.2 318.5
Process Creation 126.0 7114.5 564.6
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 7725.8 1822.1
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 1020.3 1700.4
System Call Overhead 15000.0 492634.0 328.4
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 1149.4
重新跑ubuntu20.04.5发现性能更差。
========================================================================
BYTE UNIX Benchmarks (Version 5.1.3)
System: ubuntu: GNU/Linux
OS: GNU/Linux -- 5.4.0-1100-raspi -- #112-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT Fri Nov 24 15:35:17 UTC 2023
Machine: aarch64 (aarch64)
Language: en_US.utf8 (charmap="UTF-8", collate="UTF-8")
CPU 0: (108.0 bogomips)
CPU 1: (108.0 bogomips)
CPU 2: (108.0 bogomips)
CPU 3: (108.0 bogomips)
04:38:47 up 6 min, 1 user, load average: 0.24, 0.23, 0.10; runlevel 2024-01-04
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Thu Jan 04 2024 04:38:47 - 05:07:02
4 CPUs in system; running 1 parallel copy of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 18051001.2 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 3218.4 MWIPS (9.9 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 1029.2 lps (29.9 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 105458.2 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 30120.0 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 294282.6 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 159132.6 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 33518.0 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 2875.3 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 2477.9 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 834.8 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 202649.0 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 18051001.2 1546.8
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 3218.4 585.2
Execl Throughput 43.0 1029.2 239.4
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 105458.2 266.3
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 30120.0 182.0
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 294282.6 507.4
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 159132.6 127.9
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 33518.0 83.8
Process Creation 126.0 2875.3 228.2
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 2477.9 584.4
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 834.8 1391.4
System Call Overhead 15000.0 202649.0 135.1
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 325.8
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Thu Jan 04 2024 05:07:02 - 05:35:18
4 CPUs in system; running 4 parallel copies of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 70864726.5 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 12882.1 MWIPS (9.9 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 2917.2 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 205595.6 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 55555.4 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 492145.4 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 635438.3 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 148162.1 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 6958.9 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 6744.2 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 922.1 lpm (60.1 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 793322.3 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 70864726.5 6072.4
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 12882.1 2342.2
Execl Throughput 43.0 2917.2 678.4
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 205595.6 519.2
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 55555.4 335.7
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 492145.4 848.5
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 635438.3 510.8
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 148162.1 370.4
Process Creation 126.0 6958.9 552.3
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 6744.2 1590.6
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 922.1 1536.9
System Call Overhead 15000.0 793322.3 528.9
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 871.8
切换成root用户：
System: ubuntu: GNU/Linux
OS: GNU/Linux -- 5.4.0-1100-raspi -- #112-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT Fri Nov 24 15:35:17 UTC 2023
Machine: aarch64 (aarch64)
Language: en_US.utf8 (charmap="UTF-8", collate="UTF-8")
CPU 0: (108.0 bogomips)
CPU 1: (108.0 bogomips)
CPU 2: (108.0 bogomips)
CPU 3: (108.0 bogomips)
07:55:25 up 1 min, 1 user, load average: 0.14, 0.11, 0.04; runlevel 2024-01-04
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Thu Jan 04 2024 07:55:25 - 08:23:40
4 CPUs in system; running 1 parallel copy of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 18111605.8 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 3219.5 MWIPS (9.9 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 997.6 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 107925.9 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 29536.4 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 301787.4 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 164363.4 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 33460.7 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 2821.3 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 2483.8 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 839.2 lpm (60.1 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 203130.0 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 18111605.8 1552.0
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 3219.5 585.4
Execl Throughput 43.0 997.6 232.0
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 107925.9 272.5
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 29536.4 178.5
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 301787.4 520.3
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 164363.4 132.1
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 33460.7 83.7
Process Creation 126.0 2821.3 223.9
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 2483.8 585.8
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 839.2 1398.7
System Call Overhead 15000.0 203130.0 135.4
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 326.4
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Thu Jan 04 2024 08:23:40 - 08:51:58
4 CPUs in system; running 4 parallel copies of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 69996456.5 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 12829.6 MWIPS (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 2890.7 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 202244.3 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 54757.0 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 491815.7 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 629127.6 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 146257.3 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 7002.8 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 6768.1 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 920.9 lpm (60.1 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 793749.6 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 69996456.5 5998.0
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 12829.6 2332.6
Execl Throughput 43.0 2890.7 672.3
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 202244.3 510.7
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 54757.0 330.9
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 491815.7 848.0
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 629127.6 505.7
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 146257.3 365.6
Process Creation 126.0 7002.8 555.8
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 6768.1 1596.2
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 920.9 1534.8
System Call Overhead 15000.0 793749.6 529.2
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 866.7
qemu(host-4核-1GB)
qemu-system-aarch64 -cpu host -m 1024 -enable-kvm -nographic -machine virt -smp 4 -kernel Image -append "console=ttyAMA0"
运行起来：
========================================================================
BYTE UNIX Benchmarks (Version 5.1.3)
System: RK3568_qemu: GNU/Linux
OS: GNU/Linux -- 4.19.232 -- #3 SMP PREEMPT Wed Jan 3 10:24:38 CST 2024
Machine: aarch64 (unknown)
Language: (charmap=, collate=)
CPU 0: (108.0 bogomips)
CPU 1: (108.0 bogomips)
CPU 2: (108.0 bogomips)
CPU 3: (108.0 bogomips)
09:27:56 up 0 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00; runlevel
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Wed Jan 03 2024 09:27:56 - 09:56:06
4 CPUs in system; running 1 parallel copy of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 19394971.2 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 3269.5 MWIPS (9.9 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 2316.3 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 436850.9 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 157413.2 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 825354.5 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 749421.9 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 40439.3 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 3964.6 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 3347.3 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 847.3 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 638685.4 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 19394971.2 1662.0
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 3269.5 594.5
Execl Throughput 43.0 2316.3 538.7
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 436850.9 1103.2
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 157413.2 951.1
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 825354.5 1423.0
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 749421.9 602.4
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 40439.3 101.1
Process Creation 126.0 3964.6 314.6
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 3347.3 789.5
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 847.3 1412.2
System Call Overhead 15000.0 638685.4 425.8
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 663.1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Wed Jan 03 2024 09:56:06 - 10:24:18
4 CPUs in system; running 4 parallel copies of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 74545237.5 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 13074.2 MWIPS (9.9 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 4403.0 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 1136175.9 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 361147.3 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 1916223.8 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 2880998.3 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 475862.9 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 7806.2 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 6233.5 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 898.2 lpm (60.2 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 2400486.5 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 74545237.5 6387.8
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 13074.2 2377.1
Execl Throughput 43.0 4403.0 1023.9
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 1136175.9 2869.1
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 361147.3 2182.2
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 1916223.8 3303.8
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 2880998.3 2315.9
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 475862.9 1189.7
Process Creation 126.0 7806.2 619.5
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 6233.5 1470.2
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 898.2 1497.0
System Call Overhead 15000.0 2400486.5 1600.3
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 1878.7
在ubuntu下跑虚拟机：
========================================================================
BYTE UNIX Benchmarks (Version 5.1.3)
System: RK3568_qemu: GNU/Linux
OS: GNU/Linux -- 4.19.232 -- #3 SMP PREEMPT Wed Jan 3 10:24:38 CST 2024
Machine: aarch64 (unknown)
Language: (charmap=, collate=)
CPU 0: (108.0 bogomips)
CPU 1: (108.0 bogomips)
CPU 2: (108.0 bogomips)
CPU 3: (108.0 bogomips)
03:13:55 up 2 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00; runlevel
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Thu Jan 04 2024 03:13:55 - 03:42:06
4 CPUs in system; running 1 parallel copy of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 19022473.9 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 3265.1 MWIPS (9.9 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 2390.8 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 436414.6 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 156531.9 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 816641.9 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 750129.7 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 47353.1 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 4155.5 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 2867.3 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 858.4 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 639944.1 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 19022473.9 1630.0
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 3265.1 593.6
Execl Throughput 43.0 2390.8 556.0
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 436414.6 1102.1
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 156531.9 945.8
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 816641.9 1408.0
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 750129.7 603.0
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 47353.1 118.4
Process Creation 126.0 4155.5 329.8
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 2867.3 676.2
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 858.4 1430.7
System Call Overhead 15000.0 639944.1 426.6
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 666.4
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Thu Jan 04 2024 03:42:06 - 04:10:19
4 CPUs in system; running 4 parallel copies of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 75362148.4 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 13078.8 MWIPS (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 4618.8 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 1075601.7 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 370916.8 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 1761060.8 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 2935171.9 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 505143.3 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 8491.8 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 6652.1 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 931.5 lpm (60.1 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 2401011.6 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 75362148.4 6457.8
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 13078.8 2378.0
Execl Throughput 43.0 4618.8 1074.1
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 1075601.7 2716.2
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 370916.8 2241.2
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 1761060.8 3036.3
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 2935171.9 2359.5
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 505143.3 1262.9
Process Creation 126.0 8491.8 674.0
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 6652.1 1568.9
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 931.5 1552.5
System Call Overhead 15000.0 2401011.6 1600.7
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 1912.0
差异点在哪里？可能在于差异点内核的版本和配置，没有一致。
write by xuxeu