目录
本篇幅代码会有些多,需要读者耐心看完。
一 block 循环引用讲解
详细请移步至 iOS-底层原理(11)-block-循环引用详解,该文章详细讲解了有关 block 引用的原理及解决思路。
原理就是相互引用
二 为何使用 weakSelf 可以解决循环引用
__weak:不会产生强引用,指向的对象销毁时,会自动让指针置为nil
__unsafe_unretained:不会产生强引用,不安全,指向的对象销毁时,指针存储的地址值不变
代码佐证 - 在 MRC 环境下
- 1 直接在 block里面使用 self
- (void)test1 {
// 引用计数
NSLog(@"self1 内存地址:%p 引用计数:%lu",self,(unsigned long)[self retainCount]);
// 循环引用
self.myBlock = ^{
[self test];
};
self.myBlock();
}
- (void)test {
NSLog(@"test 方法 self 内存地址:%p 引用计数:%lu",self,(unsigned long)[self retainCount]);
}
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
NSLog(@"touchesBegan self = %lu",(unsigned long)[self retainCount]);
}
- 运行结果
2019-06-09 14:44:32.975002+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[6897:172037] self1 内存地址:0x7fc69ef14cc0 引用计数:9
2019-06-09 14:44:32.975150+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[6897:172037] test方法 self 内存地址:0x7fc69ef14cc0 引用计数:10
2019-06-09 14:44:34.638030+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[6897:172037] touchesBegan self 内存地址:0x7fc69ef14cc0 引用计数:5
总结:直接在 block 中使用
self
,发现其引用计数+1
,执行完touchesBegan
方法后,引用计数变成5
.
- 2 在 block 中使用 weakSelf
typedef void(^MyBlock)(void);
@interface TestViewController ()
/** myBlock */
@property(nonatomic, copy)MyBlock myBlock;
@end
- (void)test2 {
// 引用计数
NSLog(@"self1 内存地址:%p 引用计数:%lu",self,(unsigned long)[self retainCount]);
__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
NSLog(@"weakSelf 内存地址:%p 引用计数:%lu",weakSelf,(unsigned long)[weakSelf retainCount]);
NSLog(@"self2 内存地址:%p 引用计数:%lu",self,(unsigned long)[self retainCount]);
// 循环引用
self.myBlock = ^{
[weakSelf test];
};
self.myBlock();
}
- 运行结果
2019-06-09 14:49:46.690693+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[6952:174797] self1 内存地址:0x7ffd7dc1e520 引用计数:9
2019-06-09 14:49:46.690852+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[6952:174797] weakSelf 内存地址:0x7ffd7dc1e520 引用计数:11
2019-06-09 14:49:46.690931+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[6952:174797] self2 内存地址:0x7ffd7dc1e520 引用计数:11
2019-06-09 14:49:46.691016+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[6952:174797] test方法 self 内存地址:0x7ffd7dc1e520 引用计数:12
2019-06-09 14:49:49.165380+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[6952:174797] touchesBegan self 内存地址:0x7ffd7dc1e520 引用计数:4
总结:
self
和weakSelf
的内存地址相同,在没有执行block
之前,他两的引用计数值相同。执行完block
后,执行touchesBegan
屏幕点击,发现引用计数变为4
。注意前面直接使用self
的时候,引用计数是5
。即得出结论
- 直接在
block
中使用self
,会造成循环引用, block 执行完后,self
的引用计数不正常(应该为4
的,但实际上是5
,多1
是因为被block
引用着)- 如果使用
weakSelf
不会造成循环引用,self
的引用计数正常(至于为啥是 4,应该是系统其它变量引用着 self)。
三 为何使用 strongSelf
在 doSomething 中,weakSelf 不会变成 nil,不过在 doSomething 执行完成,调用第二个方法 doOtherThing 的时候,weakSelf 有可能被释放,于是,strongSelf 就派上用场了:
__weak __typeof__(self) weakSelf = self;
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
__strong __typeof(self) strongSelf = weakSelf;
[strongSelf doSomething];
[strongSelf doOtherThing];
});
- 代码例子佐证
- (void)test3 {
// 引用计数
NSLog(@"self1 内存地址:%p 引用计数:%lu",self,(unsigned long)[self retainCount]);
__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
NSLog(@"weakSelf 内存地址:%p 引用计数:%lu",weakSelf,(unsigned long)[weakSelf retainCount]);
NSLog(@"self2 内存地址:%p 引用计数:%lu",self,(unsigned long)[self retainCount]);
NSLog(@"------------------1---------------------");
// 循环引用
self.myBlock = ^{
NSLog(@"block self = %lu",(unsigned long)[self retainCount]);
NSLog(@"block weakSelf = %lu",(unsigned long)[weakSelf retainCount]);
NSLog(@"---------------------2------------------");
__strong typeof (weakSelf) strongSelf = weakSelf;
NSLog(@"block self = %lu",(unsigned long)[self retainCount]);
NSLog(@"block weakSelf = %lu",(unsigned long)[weakSelf retainCount]);
NSLog(@"block strongSelf = %lu",(unsigned long)[strongSelf retainCount]);;
NSLog(@"-----------------3----------------------");
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
NSLog(@"block self = %lu",(unsigned long)[self retainCount]);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
NSLog(@"block weakSelf = %lu",(unsigned long)[weakSelf retainCount]);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
NSLog(@"block strongSelf = %lu",(unsigned long)[strongSelf retainCount]);
}
};
self.myBlock();
}
- 运行结果
2019-06-09 15:02:38.065125+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] self1 内存地址:0x7ff4ddc41390 引用计数:9
2019-06-09 15:02:38.065280+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] weakSelf 内存地址:0x7ff4ddc41390 引用计数:11
2019-06-09 15:02:38.065368+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] self2 内存地址:0x7ff4ddc41390 引用计数:11
2019-06-09 15:02:38.065441+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] ------------------1---------------------
2019-06-09 15:02:38.065530+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] block self = 12
2019-06-09 15:02:38.065604+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] block weakSelf = 13
2019-06-09 15:02:38.065681+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] ---------------------2------------------
2019-06-09 15:02:38.065848+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] block self = 13
2019-06-09 15:02:38.066290+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] block weakSelf = 14
2019-06-09 15:02:38.066566+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] block strongSelf = 15
2019-06-09 15:02:38.066844+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] -----------------3----------------------
2019-06-09 15:02:38.067101+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] block self = 15
2019-06-09 15:02:38.067378+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] block self = 15
2019-06-09 15:02:38.067701+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] block self = 15
2019-06-09 15:02:38.067955+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] block self = 15
2019-06-09 15:02:38.068178+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] block self = 15
2019-06-09 15:02:38.068521+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] block weakSelf = 16
2019-06-09 15:02:38.068815+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] block weakSelf = 17
2019-06-09 15:02:38.069058+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] block weakSelf = 18
2019-06-09 15:02:38.069359+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] block weakSelf = 19
2019-06-09 15:02:38.069751+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] block weakSelf = 20
2019-06-09 15:02:38.070052+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] block strongSelf = 21
2019-06-09 15:02:38.084354+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] block strongSelf = 22
2019-06-09 15:02:38.084437+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] block strongSelf = 23
2019-06-09 15:02:38.084485+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] block strongSelf = 24
2019-06-09 15:02:38.084528+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] block strongSelf = 25
2019-06-09 15:06:01.899710+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7175:182681] touchesBegan self 内存地址:0x7ff4ddc41390 引用计数:5
- 接下来对运行结果分段进行分析
// 引用计数
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
NSLog(@"self1 内存地址:%p 引用计数:%lu",self,(unsigned long)[self retainCount]);
}
__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
NSLog(@"weakSelf 内存地址:%p",weakSelf);
}
NSLog(@"引用计数:%lu",(unsigned long)[weakSelf retainCount]);
NSLog(@"----------------0--------------");
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
NSLog(@"引用计数:%lu",(unsigned long)[weakSelf retainCount]);
}
NSLog(@"self2 内存地址:%p 引用计数:%lu",self,(unsigned long)[self retainCount]);
NSLog(@"weakSelf 内存地址:%p 引用计数:%lu",weakSelf,(unsigned long)[weakSelf retainCount]);
- 运行结果
2019-06-09 15:13:07.694736+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7373:189509] self1 内存地址:0x7f93c9f065f0 引用计数:9
2019-06-09 15:13:07.694883+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7373:189509] self1 内存地址:0x7f93c9f065f0 引用计数:9
2019-06-09 15:13:07.694978+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7373:189509] self1 内存地址:0x7f93c9f065f0 引用计数:9
2019-06-09 15:13:07.695075+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7373:189509] weakSelf 内存地址:0x7f93c9f065f0
2019-06-09 15:13:07.695166+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7373:189509] weakSelf 内存地址:0x7f93c9f065f0
2019-06-09 15:13:07.695252+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7373:189509] weakSelf 内存地址:0x7f93c9f065f0
2019-06-09 15:13:07.695336+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7373:189509] 引用计数:13
2019-06-09 15:13:07.695410+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7373:189509] ----------------0--------------
2019-06-09 15:13:07.695494+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7373:189509] 引用计数:14
2019-06-09 15:13:07.695577+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7373:189509] 引用计数:15
2019-06-09 15:13:07.695651+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7373:189509] 引用计数:16
2019-06-09 15:13:07.695821+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7373:189509] self2 内存地址:0x7f93c9f065f0 引用计数:16
2019-06-09 15:13:07.695990+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7373:189509] weakSelf 内存地址:0x7f93c9f065f0 引用计数:18
通过运行结果可知,每次访问变量
weakSelf
(比如打印其内存地址,读取其引用计数[weakSelf retainCount]
),都会使其引用计数+1。但是self
不会。
- 运行结果段 2 分析
weakSelf 内存地址:0x7f8e05e22ae0 引用计数:11
self2 内存地址:0x7f8e05e22ae0 引用计数:11 // 因为 self 和 weakSelf 指向同一块内存,所以他们的引用计数值相同
------------------1---------------------
block self = 12 // 因为 block 也强引用了 self,所以 self 的引用计数+1
block weakSelf = 13 // 访问了 [weakSelf retainCount],引用计数+1
---------------------2------------------
block self = 13 // 即weakSelf的引用计数 13
block weakSelf = 14 // 访问了 [weakSelf retainCount],引用计数+1
block strongSelf = 15 // 原理同weakSelf一样
- 运行结果段 3 分析
2019-06-09 15:20:03.540679+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7446:193548] block self = 15
2019-06-09 15:20:03.541845+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7446:193548] block self = 15
2019-06-09 15:20:03.542679+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7446:193548] block self = 15
2019-06-09 15:20:03.543429+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7446:193548] block self = 15
2019-06-09 15:20:03.544483+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7446:193548] block self = 15
2019-06-09 15:20:03.544844+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7446:193548] block weakSelf = 16
2019-06-09 15:20:03.545132+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7446:193548] block weakSelf = 17
2019-06-09 15:20:03.545381+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7446:193548] block weakSelf = 18
2019-06-09 15:20:03.545757+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7446:193548] block weakSelf = 19
2019-06-09 15:20:03.546010+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7446:193548] block weakSelf = 20
2019-06-09 15:20:03.546266+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7446:193548] block strongSelf = 21
2019-06-09 15:20:03.546596+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7446:193548] block strongSelf = 22
2019-06-09 15:20:03.567575+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7446:193548] block strongSelf = 23
2019-06-09 15:20:03.567672+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7446:193548] block strongSelf = 24
2019-06-09 15:20:03.567725+0800 WeakStrongSelfDemo[7446:193548] block strongSelf = 25
原因在结果段 2 已经分析过了
前面都是从代码例子去佐证,接下来我们从底层原理角度去分析它
四 从底层原理角度分析
4.1 weakSelf
- (void)test5 {
Student *stu = [[Student alloc] init];
__weak Student *weakStu = stu;
self.myBlock = ^{
NSLog(@"%p",stu);
NSLog(@"%p",weakStu);
};
self.myBlock();
}
// 在 block 内部存储数据格式
struct __main_block_impl_0 {
NSObject *__weak weakStu;
}
从 block
底层结构分析可知,一个被__weak
修饰的局部变量,最终会被block
捕获为自己的属性NSObject *__weak weakStu;
所以对weakSelf
直白的理解就是结构体__main_block_impl_0
把weakSelf
这个局部变量捕获作为了自己的属性。结构体直接引用了weakSelf
内存空间,想使用weakself
中保存的self
指针,而这个weakSelf
并没有增加self
的引用计数,所以self
依然可以释放。
4.2 strongSelf
__strong typeof (weakSelf) strongSelf = weakSelf;
最终转换为底层代码是
TestViewController *strongSelf = weakSelf;
并且执行block
里面的代码,本质是执行一个函数__TestViewController__test_block_func_0
。所以TestViewController *strongSelf = weakSelf;
赋值得到的是self
(由 weakSelf 传过来),这使得在函数体运行期间,self
不会被释放。
既然是函数,那么大括号走完其函数体重的局部变量就会被释放,也就是说函数执行完以后,strongSelf
作为局部变量
正常释放了,strongSelf
也不属于block结构体
的属性,weakSelf
与strongSelf
一内一外,意义是不一样的。
借鉴网上的图
__strong 确保在 Block 内,strongSelf 不会被释放。
五 总结
__weak __typeof(self)weakSelf = self; //1
[self.context performBlock:^{
[weakSelf doSomething]; //2
__strong __typeof(weakSelf)strongSelf = weakSelf; //3
[strongSelf doAnotherSomething];
}];
1.使用__weak __typeof是在编译的时候,另外创建一个局部变量weak对象来操作self,引用计数不变。block 会将这个局部变量捕获为自己的属性,
访问这个属性,从而达到访问 self 的效果,因为他们的内存地址都是一样的。
2.因为weakSelf和self是两个变量,doSomething有可能就直接对self自身引用计数减到0了.
所以在[weakSelf doSomething]的时候,你很难控制这里self是否就会被释放了.weakSelf只能看着.
3.__strong __typeof在编译的时候,实际是对weakSelf的强引用.
指针连带关系self的引用计数会增加.但是你这个是在block里面,生命周期也只在当前block的作用域.
所以,当这个block结束, strongSelf随之也就被释放了.不会影响block外部的self的生命周期.
总结
在 Block 内如果需要访问 self 的方法、变量,建议使用 weakSelf。
如果在 Block 内需要多次 访问 self,则需要使用 strongSelf。
相关文章参考
透彻理解block中weakSelf和strongSelf
到底什么时候才需要在ObjC的Block中使用weakSelf/strongSelf