软件环境：CentOS7.2 + Oracle11.2.0.1.0 + VMware Fusion8.5 + macOS10.12.4

一、配置CentOS环境

1. 创建用户和用户组

$groupadd oinstall
$groupadd dba   
$useradd -g oinstall -g dba -m oracle
$passwd oracle
$id oracle

2. 创建Oracle安装目录

$mkdir -p /data/oracle
$mkdir -p /data/oraInventory
$mkdir -p /data/database
$chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle
$chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory
$chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database

3. 修改系统标识

$cat /proc/version
$cat /etc/redhat-release
*CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) 
$vi /etc/redhat-release
$cat /etc/redhat-release 
*redhat-7 

4. 安装组件依赖

$yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libXi libXtst make sysstat

5. 关闭防火墙

$systemctl status firewalld.service
$systemctl stop firewalld.service   
$systemctl disable firewalld.service

6. 关闭SELinux

$vi /etc/selinux/config
$cat /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#      permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled   #此处修改为disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. 
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted 

7. 修改内核参数

$vi /etc/sysctl.conf
$cat /etc/sysctl.conf
添加以下配置:
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max= 4194304
net.core.wmem_default= 262144
net.core.wmem_max= 1048576
$sysctl -p

8. 对oracle用户进行限制

$vi /etc/security/limits.conf
$cat /etc/security/limits.conf
->添加如下配置：
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536

9. 配置环境变量

$vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile 
$cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile
->添加如下配置:
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
$source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

10. 准备安装文件

$cd /usr/local/src
$unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data/database/
$unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data/database/
$chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database/database/

二、在CentOS上安装Oracle

1. 切换用户至oracle，执行runInstaller安装程序

$cd /data/database/database/
$./runInstaller -jreLoc /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.8.0

2. 先决条件检查

安装程序会检查当前系统环境是否满足安装要求，如果相应的依赖包没有安装，yum install package_name安装上即可，如果已安装的版本较高时，Oracle安装程序仍会提示不满足要求，忽视即可

3. 调整SWAP分区

$su root
$free -m
$dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=1024000
$mkswap /home/swap
$swapon /home/swap
$free -m

4. 安装失败解决方案

安装过程中可能出现错误提示框未正确显示的问题，如果无法根据显示内容跟踪安装情况，可以通过检查安装日志的方法来继续进行，日志保存在/data/oraInventory/logs目录下。如果遇到安装失败的情况，重启虚拟机，先清理之前安装遗留的文件，再进行下一步操作

$su root
$rm -rf /data/oracle/product
$rm -rf /data/oraInvenroty/*

本文操作时遇到的两个情况记录如下：

ins_ctx.mk

INFO: Exception thrown from action: make
Exception Name: MakefileException
Exception String: Error in invoking target 'install' of makefile '/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk'. See '/data/oraInventory/logs/installActions2017-05-11_02-20-57PM.log' for details.

- 缺少compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6导致此问题
- 官网手动下载组件对应的rpm包，**http://vault.centos.org/6.3/os/x86_64/Packages/**
- 将依赖包迁移至虚拟机Downloads目录下
- 手动安装rpm包

$pwd
#/home/oracle/Downloads
$ls

#compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686.rpm
#compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64.rpm
#glibc-2.12-1.80.el6.i686.rpm
#glibc-2.12-1.80.el6.x86_64.rpm
#glibc-common-2.12-1.80.el6.x86_64.rpm
#glibc-devel-2.12-1.80.el6.i686.rpm
#glibc-devel-2.12-1.80.el6.x86_64.rpm
#glibc-headers-2.12-1.80.el6.x86_64.rpm

$su root
$rpm -ivh --force --nodeps *.rpm

ins_emagent.mk

INFO: Exception thrown from action: make
Exception Name: MakefileException
Exception String: Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs' of makefile '/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk'. See '/data/oraInventory/logs/installActions2017-05-12_11-49-32AM.log' for details.

- 调用ins_emagent.mk文件发生错误
- 手动修改ins_emagent.mk文件，然后点击错误提示框的Retry按钮即可

$cat /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk
$vi /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk
#将$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL)修改为$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11

5. 执行脚本

安装完毕后，安装程序出现Successful字样，关闭安装程序，执行两个脚本程序

$su root
$pwd
#/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
$./root.sh
$cd /data/oraInventory
$./orainstRoot.sh

6. 进行监听服务配置和数据库实例创建

$netca
$lsnrctl start
$lsnrctl status
$dbca

7. 检查是否安装完成

$sqlplus / as sysdba
$startup
$show parameter service_names

$su -oracle
$emctl unsecure dbconsole
#with https
$emctl secure dbconsole
$with http
$emctl start dbconsole

三、在macOS上配置Oracle客户端

Oracle服务端安装完成后，在macOS上可以使用SQLDeveloper/Toad/DataGrip进行连接，现在开始配置在macOS中使用终端+SQLPlus连接服务端Orale

$sqlplus
zsh: sqlplus: command not found...

1. 确定服务端Oracle版本

$sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> select * from v$version
  2  /

BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE    11.2.0.1.0  Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

2. 客户端文件配置

下载macOS平台适用的对应版本的Oracle客户端，将两个压缩包解压至同一目录

$unzip instantclient-basic-macos.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip
$unzip instantclient-sqlplus-macos.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip

# Tuple @ Johnson in /Applications/instantclient_11_2 [11:36:19]
$ cd /Applications/instantclient_11_2

# Tuple @ Johnson in /Applications/instantclient_11_2 [11:36:24]
$ ls
BASIC_README         libclntsh.dylib.11.1 libsqlplus.dylib     uidrvci
SQLPLUS_README       libnnz11.dylib       libsqlplusic.dylib   xstreams.jar
adrci                libocci.dylib.11.1   ojdbc5.jar
genezi               libociei.dylib       ojdbc6.jar
glogin.sql           libocijdbc11.dylib   sqlplus

3.环境变量配置

$vim .bash_profile
->添加如下信息
export ORACLE_HOME=/Applications/instantclient_11_2
export ORACLE_SID=oracent
export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME
export SQLPATH=$ORACLE_HOME
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"
export PATH=$SQLPATH:$PATH

$vim .zshrc
->添加一行
source .bash_profiile

$env

4.配置tnsnames.ora

$mkdir -p Applications/instantclient_11_2/network/admin
vim $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

->新增如下内容
oracent=
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.31.236)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = oracent)
    )
  )

5.配置hosts文件

$ hostname
#Johnson.local
$sudo vim /etc/hosts
->将localhost修改与hostname一致
$cat /etc/hosts
##
# Host Database
#
# localhost is used to configure the loopback interface
# when the system is booting.  Do not change this entry.
##
127.0.0.1   localhost
255.255.255.255 broadcasthost
::1             Johnson.local

6.使用SQLPlus连接局域网Oracle

$sqlplus scott/jansondors@192.168.31.236/oracent