前面的内容请参见Android应用自动化测试-提纲。 这篇我们将介绍在Android SDK中一个非常关键的工具，ADB。可以说ADB是Android开发、自动化测试的基础。
ADB即Android Debug Bridge，android调试桥，是开发设备(PC)和android设备之间的连接通道，通过它，开发者可以在PC端实现对设备的连接、控制和一些基本操作。
ADB的组成如图
在PC端：
ADB由Client和Server两部分组成，client即我们运行ADB的命令行程序，用于接收我们的操作指定，并和server端通过5037端口进行通信，server端启动后和5037端口绑定，与client端交互并建立和设备端的adbd通信，一般设备端是5555端口，PC端则使用5554端口。多个不同设备会成对分配（5556：5557...）
在Device端：
则运行了adbd，即adb在设备上的守护进程，随时接收来自PC端的指令。模拟器是默认开启的，真机在我们开启了开发者的调试模式以后，也就是启动了adbd进程。
ADB工具的作用非常多，在命令行中运行adb help可以得到以下输出，列出了adb支持的使用命令清单。
c:>adb help
Android Debug Bridge version 1.0.36
Revision 0e9850346394-android
-a - directs adb to listen on all interfaces for a connection
-d - directs command to the only connected USB device
returns an error if more than one USB device is present.
-e - directs command to the only running emulator.
returns an error if more than one emulator is running.
-s <specific device> - directs command to the device or emulator with the given
serial number or qualifier. Overrides ANDROID_SERIAL environment variable.
-p <product name or path> - simple product name like 'sooner', or a relative/absolute path to a product
out directory like 'out/target/product/sooner'.If -p is not specified, the
ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT environment variable is used, which mustbe an absolute path.
-H - Name of adb server host (default: localhost)
-P - Port of adb server (default: 5037)
devices [-l] - list all connected devices
('-l' will also list device qualifiers)
connect <host>[:<port>] - connect to a device via TCP/IP
Port 5555 is used by default if no port number is specified.
disconnect [<host>[:<port>]] - disconnect from a TCP/IP device.
Port 5555 is used by default if no port number is specified.
Using this command with no additional arguments
will disconnect from all connected TCP/IP devices.
device commands:
adb push <local>... <remote>
- copy files/dirs to device
adb pull [-a] <remote>... <local>
- copy files/dirs from device
(-a preserves file timestamp and mode)
adb sync [ <directory> ] - copy host->device only if changed
(-l means list but don't copy)
adb shell [-e escape] [-n] [-Tt] [-x] [command]
- run remote shell command (interactive shell if no command given)
(-e: choose escape character, or "none"; default '~')
(-n: don't read from stdin)
(-T: disable PTY allocation)
(-t: force PTY allocation)
(-x: disable remote exit codes and stdout/stderr separation)
adb emu <command> - run emulator console command
adb logcat [ <filter-spec> ] - View device log
adb forward --list - list all forward socket connections.
the format is a list of lines with the following format:
<serial> " " <local> " " <remote> "\n"
adb forward <local> <remote> - forward socket connections
forward specs are one of:
tcp:<port>
localabstract:<unix domain socket name>
localreserved:<unix domain socket name>
localfilesystem:<unix domain socket name>
dev:<character device name>
jdwp:<process pid> (remote only)
adb forward --no-rebind <local> <remote>
- same as 'adb forward <local> <remote>' but fails
if <local> is already forwarded
adb forward --remove <local> - remove a specific forward socket connection
adb forward --remove-all - remove all forward socket connections
adb reverse --list - list all reverse socket connections from device
adb reverse <remote> <local> - reverse socket connections
reverse specs are one of:
tcp:<port>
localabstract:<unix domain socket name>
localreserved:<unix domain socket name>
localfilesystem:<unix domain socket name>
adb reverse --no-rebind <remote> <local>
- same as 'adb reverse <remote> <local>' but fails
if <remote> is already reversed.
adb reverse --remove <remote>
- remove a specific reversed socket connection
adb reverse --remove-all - remove all reversed socket connections from device
adb jdwp - list PIDs of processes hosting a JDWP transport
adb install [-lrtsdg] <file>
- push this package file to the device and install it
(-l: forward lock application)
(-r: replace existing application)
(-t: allow test packages)
(-s: install application on sdcard)
(-d: allow version code downgrade (debuggable packages only))
(-g: grant all runtime permissions)
adb install-multiple [-lrtsdpg] <file...>
- push this package file to the device and install it
(-l: forward lock application)
(-r: replace existing application)
(-t: allow test packages)
(-s: install application on sdcard)
(-d: allow version code downgrade (debuggable packages only))
(-p: partial application install)
(-g: grant all runtime permissions)
adb uninstall [-k] <package> - remove this app package from the device
('-k' means keep the data and cache directories)
adb bugreport [<path>] - return all information from the device that should be included in a zipped bug report.
If <path> is a file, the bug report will be saved as that file.
If <path> is a directory, the bug report will be saved in that directory with the name provided by the device.
If <path> is omitted, the bug report will be saved in the current directory with the name provided by the device.
NOTE: if the device does not support zipped bug reports, the bug report will be output on stdout.
adb backup [-f <file>] [-apk|-noapk] [-obb|-noobb] [-shared|-noshared] [-all] [-system|-nosystem] [<packages...>]
- write an archive of the device's data to <file>.
If no -f option is supplied then the data is written
to "backup.ab" in the current directory.
(-apk|-noapk enable/disable backup of the .apks themselves
in the archive; the default is noapk.)
(-obb|-noobb enable/disable backup of any installed apk expansion
(aka .obb) files associated with each application; the default
is noobb.)
(-shared|-noshared enable/disable backup of the device's
shared storage / SD card contents; the default is noshared.)
(-all means to back up all installed applications)
(-system|-nosystem toggles whether -all automatically includes
system applications; the default is to include system apps)
(<packages...> is the list of applications to be backed up. If
the -all or -shared flags are passed, then the package
list is optional. Applications explicitly given on the
command line will be included even if -nosystem would
ordinarily cause them to be omitted.)
adb restore <file> - restore device contents from the <file> backup archive
adb disable-verity - disable dm-verity checking on USERDEBUG builds
adb enable-verity - re-enable dm-verity checking on USERDEBUG builds
adb keygen <file> - generate adb public/private key. The private key is stored in <file>,
and the public key is stored in <file>.pub. Any existing files
are overwritten.
adb help - show this help message
adb version - show version num
scripting:
adb wait-for[-<transport>]-<state>
- wait for device to be in the given state:
device, recovery, sideload, or bootloader
Transport is: usb, local or any [default=any]
adb start-server - ensure that there is a server running
adb kill-server - kill the server if it is running
adb get-state - prints: offline | bootloader | device
adb get-serialno - prints: <serial-number>
adb get-devpath - prints: <device-path>
adb remount - remounts the /system, /vendor (if present) and /oem (if present) partitions on the device read-write
adb reboot [bootloader|recovery]
- reboots the device, optionally into the bootloader or recovery program.
adb reboot sideload - reboots the device into the sideload mode in recovery program (adb root required).
adb reboot sideload-auto-reboot
- reboots into the sideload mode, then reboots automatically after the sideload regardless of the result.
adb sideload <file> - sideloads the given package
adb root - restarts the adbd daemon with root permissions
adb unroot - restarts the adbd daemon without root permissions
adb usb - restarts the adbd daemon listening on USB
adb tcpip <port> - restarts the adbd daemon listening on TCP on the specified port
networking:
adb ppp <tty> [parameters] - Run PPP over USB.
Note: you should not automatically start a PPP connection.
<tty> refers to the tty for PPP stream. Eg. dev:/dev/omap_csmi_tty1
[parameters] - Eg. defaultroute debug dump local notty usepeerdns》
adb sync notes: adb sync [ <directory> ]
<localdir> can be interpreted in several ways:
- If <directory> is not specified, /system, /vendor (if present), /oem (if present) and /data partitions will be updated.
- If it is "system", "vendor", "oem" or "data", only the corresponding partition is updated.
internal debugging:
adb reconnect Kick current connection from host side and make it reconnect.
adb reconnect device Kick current connection from device side and make it reconnect.
environment variables:
ADB_TRACE - Print debug information. A comma separated list of the following values
1 or all, adb, sockets, packets, rwx, usb, sync, sysdeps, transport, jdwp
ANDROID_SERIAL - The serial number to connect to. -s takes priority over this if given.
ANDROID_LOG_TAGS - When used with the logcat option, only these debug tags are printed.
其中有一些我们经常需要使用的命令，在此重点说明一下：
adb devices
adb devices用于列出当前连接到adb server的所有设备清单。
c:\>adb devices
List of devices attached
emulator-5554 device
其中 emulator-5554是DeviceID，device则是设备状态。
一般有以下状态：
offline — 实例未连接到 adb server或不响应。
device — 实例现在已连接到 adb server。
no device — 未连接模拟器/设备。
当连接了多个设备时，我们可以使用-s参数来指定需要操作的设备，-s所带参数即deviceid。另外如果多个连接的设备中只有一个通过USB连接的真机，可以使用-d参数，如果只有一个模拟器，可以使用-e参数(无需带deviceid)
adb install/uninstall
adb可以方便地向设备上进行应用的安装和卸载操作。
adb install [apkpath] 给定apk文件的路径，执行即可
adb uninstall packagename uninstall操作需要给出应用的包名
packagename如何获得？ 一般可以通过adb shell pm list packages列出确定。
通过adb shell进入/data/data目录，也可以看到所有的包
adb push/pull
adb push/pull则是文件操作
adb push [pc file path] [device file path]-- 将PC端文件上载到设备端
adb pull [device file path] [pc file path]--将设备端文件下载到PC端
adb forword
adb forward用于端口转发。可以使用 forward 命令设置将对特定主机端口的请求转发到模拟器/设备实例上的其他端口。
adb forward tcp:6100 tcp:7100
表示将PC端的6100端口的通信转发到设备端的7100端口上
adb kill-server/start-server
当adb server进程出现异常时，我们可以会用adb kill-server 命令来停止adb server进程。
adb start-server则用来启动adb server进程。但其实执行任何adb命令，在server没有运行时，都会启动adb server
adb connect/disconnect
当我们的设备在无线wifi环境下时，我们可以通过adb connect命令来连接指定ip的设备。默认设备端口是5555
adb disconnect则用于断开已经建立的连接
比如genymotion模拟器，就是默认模拟的这种连接方式
adb logcat
adb logcat用于将logcat日志信息输出到屏幕。logcat的作用我们在后文再详细说明
adb shell
adb shell则是可以直接进入设备并执行大量的系统指令。进入adb shell后，即可执行很多类linux的系统指令，如:
操作Activity manager的am命令，可以直接从命令行启动一个应用的Activity。
adb shell am start -a android.intent.action.VIEW
利用包管理器pm来卸载应用
adb shell pm uninstall com.example.MyApp
进行屏幕截图
adb shell screencap /sdcard/screen.png
录制操作视频
adb shell screenrecord /sdcard/demo.mp4
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