——如何阅读一本书笔记 11
Part 2 Analytical Reading
CH12 Aids to Reading
导读：
说到借助辅助帮助阅读，我们的第一反应想到的可能是工具书。
小时候印象最深的是，家里有俩本超大的书，一本是《辞海》，另一本是它的增订本。有时候，会盯着书架好奇一阵子，然后踩着椅子，把厚厚的《辞海》从书架的最上层抱下来，翻一翻，虽然什么也看不懂，觉得大部头好厉害。上学后，有个自己的《新华字典》才知道什么是工具书。从小到大，林林总总的工具书一直陪伴着我们，学习，工作，生活的方方面面。我们不得不承认，工具书是我们阅读不能缺少的一部分。
为什作者在分析阅读之前不去讲解工具书的使用，而是把这一部分放到分析阅读之后？
首先，作者并没有把辅助阅读局限在狭窄的工具书这一概念上，而是把辅助阅读的概念扩展到除一本书之外的所有可利用的外部资源。
其次 ，作者担心读者过分依赖辅助阅读，过分依赖辅助的风险是让工具代替我们思考。作者的初衷是希望读者在利用外部资源解惑的前尽可能独立阅读思考，这样我们才能在阅读的路上越走越远，最终你会越来越少利用外部资源。嚼别人喂的饭也许很舒服，但味道你无法选择，永远吃不出自己的味道。
On the whole, it is best to do all that you can by yourself before seeking outside help; for if you act consistently on this principle, you will find that you need less and less outside help.
一般来说，外部资源可以分为四类
1. 相关经验
2. 其它书籍
3. 导读、摘要
4. 工具书 参考书
正确使用外部资源阅读的姿势是：尽可能在自己阅读完一本书之后再启用外部资源帮助进一步理解。
Words & Phrases (每日五词）
1. fuse
o combine different qualities, ideas, or things, or to be combinedSYNmerge:
融合，结合
Their music fuses elements as diverse as Cajun, bebop and Cuban waltzes.
2.verisimilitude/ˌverɪsɪˈmɪlɪtjuːd/noun
the appearance of being true or real
似真; 逼真：
the detail gives the novel some verisimilitude.
细节使人觉得小说有些逼真。
3. a mean between sth and sth
a method of doing something which is between two very different methods, and better than either of them中庸之道，折中办法〔指介于两种不同办法之间而比两者都好的一种办法〕:
It's a case of finding the mean between firmness and compassion.要在强硬和同情之间找出折中的办法。
4.give way to (something)
to be replaced by something.
My excitement gave way to fear when I drove a car for the first time.
5. lexicography /ˌleksɪˈkɒgrəfɪ/noun
the practice of compiling dictionaries
词典编纂; 词典编纂学。
Summary of chapter 12
Key Words
intrinsic reading, extrinsic reading, common experience, special experience, words, facts
Why do we need extrinsic aids for reading?
It is good for us reading wIth our own power and with no other help. However, sometimes extrinsic aids are necessary for full understanding.
There are four categories of exerincsic aids as below:
Relevant experiences:
- There are two kinds of experience mainly relevant to different kinds of books.
- You must know how to make use of different experiences to help us understand a book.
- Test yourself by asking the question - "could you give a concrete example of a point on the author’s saying?".
2 . Other books:
- Great books are related and were written in certain order.
- applying to more history and philosophy than fiction and science
3. Commentaries and abstracts:
- You should use these aids wisely.
- Commentaries should be read after you read and understand a book.
- An abstract can never replace of the reading of a book, but helps you know whether a book is worthing reading or not.
4. Reference books:
how to dictionary:
- answer four different kinds of questions about words
- know how to find answers
- don’t look up too many words
how to use an Encyclopedia:
- answer questions about facts
- lack arguments
感悟：
四点反思：
1. 月初时你信心满满加入读书群，准备掌握阅读大法，现在，读书过半，你的进度在哪里？还在读吗？是不是年初时读书的热情已经消退了？如作者所说：大部分人面临的问题是：不知道如何好好读完一本书
The enthusiasm with which people embark on a course of reading great books often gives way, fairly soon, to a feeling of hopeless inadequacy. One reason, of course,is that many readers do not know how to read a single book very well.
好好把这本书读完，你值得有！
2. 一本书的知识体系由章节构成，更大更全面的知识体系由一系列相关的书籍构成。我们没有自己的知识体系，归根结底，是书读的不够多，读的好书不够多。相对主题阅读，读懂一本书相对容易。
Just as the whole book is the context for any of its parts, so related books provide an even larger context that helps you interpret the book you are reading.
3.千万不要养成依赖导读的习惯。 我一直对拆书帮式的读书方法不敢苟同。书要读成自己的，而不是被别人牵着鼻子读。
And there is this further point. If you get into the habit of depending on commentaries and handbooks, you will be totally lost if you cannot find one. You may be able to understand a particular book with the help of a commentary, but in general you will be a worse reader.
4.碰到不认识的词就查字典，你是把书成单词书的节奏吗？
If you have to look up too many words at the beginning, you will certainly lose track of the book’s unity and order. The dictionary’s primary service is on those occasions when you confront
