上学时,我们是怎么给一个东西下定义的呢?经常是一遍一遍的读,甚至背诵,就像《三傻大闹宝莱坞(three idiots)》里面的一样:
definition by Chatur:
The machines are any combination of bodies so connected that their relative motions are constrained and by which means, force and motion may be transmitted and modified as a screw and its nut, or a level arranged to turn about a fulcrum or a pulley about its pivot, etc. especially, a construction, more or less complex, consisting of a combination of moving parts, or simple mechanical elements, as wheels, levers, cams etc.
机械装置就是实物构件的组合,各部分有确定的相对运动,由此,能量和动量相互转换,就像螺丝和螺帽或绕支点运动的杠杆,绕轴转动的滑轮等等。尤其指一种无论简单或复杂,由运动部件组成或者诸如滚轮,杠杆,凸轮等等
definition by Rancho
A machine is anything that reduces human effort. anything that simplifies work, or saves time, is a machine. Use fan get a blast of air. speak to a friend miles away with telephone. both fan and phone are machine.
能省力的东西,任何能够简化工作或者节约时间的就是机械装置,风扇吹风带来清凉,电话让千里之外的人相互沟通,这些都属于机械装置。
同样的一个事物,教科书上的定义通常是经过专业术语概括,逻辑上更加严谨完整,更加普适。但如果只是背诵这样拗口,抽象的定义,我们怕是很难将其与实际联系起来,难以做到融会贯通。后者的定义虽然简陋,但是却直切要害。在我看来,我们应该以现实的实物为基础,重视其功能,辅以理论学习和原理计算,才能更好的掌握和应用。大学课程里的实验课、上机实践课的本质应该也是如此。
现实是,对于一个已经非常成熟的工具或者机械,还是很少有人将其掌握透彻,我认为难点应该在于,如何将实物与理论结合,建立足够多的联系,而不是相互割裂。