1、Spring应用程序处理国际化资源的步骤:
1)、编写国际化配置文件;
2)、使用ResourceBundleMessageSource管理国际化资源文件;
3)、在页面使用fmt:message取出国际化内容。
2、Spring Boot处理国际化资源步骤:
1)、编写国际化配置文件,抽取页面中需要进行显示的国际化信息。
2)、Spring Boot自动配置了管理国际化资源文件的组件:
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = MessageSource.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Conditional(ResourceBundleCondition.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages")
public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration {
/**
* Comma-separated list of basenames (essentially a fully-qualified classpath
* location), each following the ResourceBundle convention with relaxed support for
* slash based locations. If it doesn't contain a package qualifier (such as
* "org.mypackage"), it will be resolved from the classpath root.
*/
private String basename = "messages";
//other code...
@Bean
public MessageSource messageSource() {
ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) {
//设置国际化资源文件的基础名
messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(
StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename)));
}
if (this.encoding != null) {
messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name());
}
messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale);
messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds);
messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat);
return messageSource;
}
}
默认情况下,国际化资源文件的基础名为messages,且存放在classpath根路径下,即messages.properties、messages_zh_CN.properties、messages_en_US.properties等等,这样就无需在配置文件中设置spring.messages.basename=...了,但是如果基础名不为messages或者不在classpath根路径下,则需要手动添加spring.messages.basename=文件名.自定义的基础名,如果有多个就用逗号分隔。例如:
spring.messages.basename=i18n.login
3)、去页面获取国际化的值:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="author" content="">
<title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title>
<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
<link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" th:href="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.1.0/css/bootstrap.css}" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- Custom styles for this template -->
<link href="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href="@{/asserts/css/signin.css}" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body class="text-center">
<form class="form-signin" action="dashboard.html">
<img class="mb-4" th:src="@{/asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg}" src="asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg" alt="" width="72" height="72">
<h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" th:text="#{login.tip}">Please sign in</h1>
<label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.username}">Username</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username" th:placeholder="#{login.username}" required="" autofocus="">
<label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.password}">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password" th:placeholder="#{login.password}" required="">
<div class="checkbox mb-3">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"> [[#{login.rememberme}]]
</label>
</div>
<button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" th:text="#{login.signin}">Sign in</button>
<p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">© 2017-2018</p>
<a class="btn btn-sm">中文</a>
<a class="btn btn-sm">English</a>
</form>
</body>
</html>
效果:根据浏览器语言设置的语言信息进行切换国际化语言。
4)、如何通过链接切换国际化语言?
原理:
国际化区域信息对象Locale,有个区域信息对象处理器LocaleResolver,在WebMvcAutoConfiguration自动配置类中配置了一个LocaleResolver的Bean。
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "locale")
public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
if (this.mvcProperties
.getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) {
return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
}
AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver();
localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
return localeResolver;
}
- 如果在配置文件中配置了spring.mvc.locale-resolver=fixed,且指定了spring.mvc.locale的值,则页面使用的是指定且固定的国际语言(FixedLocaleResolver);
- spring.mvc.locale-resolver默认为accept-header,即通过浏览器请求头中的Accept-Language 作为判断依据(AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver):
public class AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver {
@Override
public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) {
Locale defaultLocale = getDefaultLocale();
if (defaultLocale != null && request.getHeader("Accept-Language") == null) {
return defaultLocale;
}
Locale requestLocale = request.getLocale();
List<Locale> supportedLocales = getSupportedLocales();
if (supportedLocales.isEmpty() || supportedLocales.contains(requestLocale)) {
return requestLocale;
}
Locale supportedLocale = findSupportedLocale(request, supportedLocales);
if (supportedLocale != null) {
return supportedLocale;
}
return (defaultLocale != null ? defaultLocale : requestLocale);
}
//other code..
}
使用链接切换国际化语言的步骤:只需覆盖默认的LocaleResolver对象
i)、编写一个自定义的LocaleResolver类:
//使用链接的方法发送国际语言代码
public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver{
private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyLocaleResolver.class);
@Override
public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) {
String lan = request.getParameter("lan");
Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
if(StringUtils.hasText(lan)){
try{
String[] split = lan.split("_");
locale = new Locale(split[0], split[1]);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
logger.error("错误信息:", e);
}
}
return locale;
}
@Override
public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Locale locale) {
}
}
先从请求参数中获取lan数据,然后通过下划线分割成语言和国家,然后通过语言和国家来封装成一个Locale对象并返回,如果未指定lan参数,则默认使用default的Locale对象。
ii)、修改页面切换语言的链接,添加国际化语言代码:
<a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/(lan='zh_CN')}">中文</a>
<a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/(lan='en_US')}">English</a>
iii)、将自定义的LocaleResolver覆盖默认的LocaleResolver:
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter{
//使用自定义的LocaleResolver来替换掉默认的LocaleResolver
@Bean
public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){
return new MyLocaleResolver();
}
//other code...
}
这样配置了自定义的LocaleResolver对象就会把WebMvcAutoConfiguration自动配置类中预定义的LocaleResolver的Bean屏蔽掉,Spring Boot就会使用自定义的LocaleResolver对象。
注意:一旦使用链接来切换国际化语言,则会导致通过浏览器语言切换国际化语言的功能失效了。