Student: Why are many people predisposed to various diseases?
为什么许多人患有各种各样的疾病？
Professor: Oh, it's natural. Because diseases are caused by many factors which are often unavoidable.
那是自然的，因为疾病是由多种不可避免的因素导致的。
S：Could you tell me how to define"acute diseases"?
你能告诉我怎样给“急性病”下定义吗
P：Acute diseases produce severe symptoms, but terminate after a short time, e. g. pneumonia.
急性病产生严重症状，但是可以在短时间内消失，如肺炎。
S：What about "chronic diseases"?
何为慢性病呢？
P：Chronic diseases, e. g. arthritis, last a long time, and some return periodically and are termed recurrent.
慢性病持续时间交长，并可以转化为周期性发作，如关节炎。
S：How to classify diseases?
怎么给疾病分类呢？
P：The most common base for classifying disease is according to cause - external factors and internal ones.
最常见的方法是根据病因分类—外在因素和内在因素。
S：What are "external factors"?
什么是外在因素？
P：External factors that produce disease are infectious agents, including both microscopic organism and macroscopic ones.
产生疾病的外在因素是感染因子，包括肉眼看不见的微生物喝肉眼可见的微生物。
S：What diseases may be caused by internal factors?
内在因素能引起哪些疾病？
P：Diseases that arise from internal causes include hereditary abnormalities, congenital diseases, allergies, endocrine disorders, circulatory disorders, and neoplasms, or tumors.
由内在因素引起的疾病包括遗传性异常，先天性疾病，过敏，内分泌紊乱，循环系统疾病以及肿瘤。
S：Don't you think certain diseases have something to do with our emotions?
你认为有些疾病会和情绪有关吗？
P：That's good point. It seems to me a wide range of diseases are attributed to or at least influenced by emotional disturbances.
说的有道理。我认为很多疾病可以归因于情绪异常，或至少受情绪影响。
S：Why are elderly people vulnerable to disease?
为何老年人易患疾病？
P：Aging is accompanied by a progressive reduction in organ function. Degenerative diseases occur as a result of the natural aging of the tissue.
老化常伴随器官功能的衰退，退行性疾病随着身体组织的自然老化而产生。
S：Do we still have infectious diseases in our community?
我们周围仍然有传染病吗？
P：Yes. We still have infectious diseases, such as diphtheria, typhoid, dysentery, measles, chicken pox, mumps, etc.
是的，目前仍然存在的传染病有白喉、伤寒、痢疾、麻疹、水痘和腮腺炎等。
S：How do they spread?
他们如何穿播呢？
P：Infectious diseases can be transmitted by humans, certain animals and insects, and infected objects.
传染病可以通过人，某些动物和昆虫以及被感染的物品等。
S：Can you give an example?
你能举个例子吗？
P：For example, malaria is an infectious diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, and it is one of the most common causes of sickness and death in the world.
例如，疟疾是由蚊子传播的一种疾病，也是世界上引起疾病和死亡最常见的原因之一。
S：What will happen if malaria is untreated?
如果疟疾不治疗会怎样呢？
P：Most patients will recover after a dozen of attacks, but if there are complications, it may lead to death.
大多数患者经过十多次发作后能自愈，但是如果出现并发症，就可能导致死亡。
