Words and Word groups
1.Predetermined
2.Nudge sb to do sth 推动某人做某事
ie：Apps could warn accountholders if they spend more than a predetermined amount or are about to become overdrawn, or even nudge them to save more.
3.dire
4.European retail banking has been remarkably unscathed (未受伤的) by technology-driven disruption.
5.Financial-technology（"fintech"）company经济科技型公司？
6.mount a challenge
7.conspicuous /kənˈspɪk.ju.əs/
very noticeable or attracting attention, often in a way that is not wanted
显眼的；醒目的；显着的
In China, her blonde hair was conspicuous.在中国，她的金发十分惹眼。
He tried not to look conspicuous and moved slowly along the back of the room.他尽量不使自己显眼，沿着房间后部慢慢移动。
❤北欧著名在线支付公司：Sofort、iDEAL（在德国及Netherlands荷兰占市场份额较多）
8.incumbent
1）adjective UK/ɪnˈkʌm.bənt/US/ɪnˈkʌm.bənt/
[before noun]officially having the named position
现任的；在职的
The incumbent president faces problems which began many years before he took office. 现任总统面临着他上任前很多年就已开始出现的种种问题。
be incumbent on/uponsbformal
（某人）义不容辞；（某人）必须履行
She felt it incumbent upon/on her to raise the subject at their meeting.她感到她有义务在他们的会上提出这个问题。
2.noun UK/ɪnˈkʌm.bənt/US/ɪnˈkʌm.bənt/
the person who has or had a particular official position
现任者，在职者
the first/last/previous incumbent第一任／上一任／前任
The present incumbent (of the post) is due to retire next month.（此职位的）现任者将于下个月退休。
9.be proved soresilient( ⊙o⊙?）
10.customer-transaction information顾客交易信息
11.cumbersome
笨重的、累赘的、低效的
awkward because of being large, heavy, or not effective
ie：It is often either cumbersome or insecure for customers to share their own information.
12.Goverments are about to transform the landscapes.
13.Payment Services Directive 2 (PSD2)
due to be implemented by EU members in January 2018,
14.kick-start competition挑起竞争
❤kick-start vt. 以下踢或下压动作来使机器发动；以额外的努力或行为来开始一种事业或程序
n. (比喻)(促进事务开始或重新开始的）强劲推动力
Taxes were drastically cut in an attempt to kick-start the economy.进行了大幅减税以刺激经济增长
15.Provided that...假如...
Provided the customer has given explicit consent, banks will be forced to share customer-account information with licensed financial-services providers.
16.be integrated into sth
ie: They could become more integrated into the internet-browsing❤ experience——enabling, for example, one-click bank transfers, at least for low-value payments.
17.sophisticated
UK/səˈfɪs.tɪ.keɪ.tɪd/US/səˈfɪs.tə.keɪ.t̬ɪd/
1. having a good understanding of the way people be have and/or a good knowledge of culture and fashion
精于世故的，老练的；见多识广的；很有品位的
ie:Those with limited credit histories may find it easier to borrow, too, since richer transaction data should mean more sophisticated credit checks.
2. intelligentor made in a complicated way and therefore able to do complicated tasks
精密的，复杂的；高级的
I think a more sophisticated approach is needed to solve this problem.
18.Profitability盈利能力 is already threatened by rock-bottom最低点的 interest rates.
19.Deloitte德勤 pwc普华永道 consultancy咨询公司
20.they fear become the "dumb pipes垃圾管道( ⊙o⊙?)"of the financial sysytem.
银行害怕这个行业新规使其纯粹成为金融系统内的数据媒介。银行拥有大量客户交易和信贷数据，如果其他公司也可以获得这些数据从而挖挖掘客户需求并提供结算功能，那银行就是dump pipe了。支付宝可以从纯粹支付工具到支撑起蚂蚁金服，就是通过淘宝等沉淀了客户大量交易数据。大概就是这个背景逻辑。
是通信业术语，可以查下Wikipedia,上面有个例子，说iphone出来以后，用户直接通过safari上网，通过ITunes store下载音乐铃声，这就侵蚀了AT&T之类传统运营商的业务（类似我国移动联通公司）。运营商不再直接向用户提供铃声下载之类的服务，而只是提供网络链接，也就是终端设备（手机）和应用（各种App铃声音乐等）均与运营商无关了，只充当中间的一个管道，提供网络链接，俗称dumb pipe.文中的银行也担心会迎来运营商类似的命运～～
pipe就是具体业务和利润都可能被fintech抢占，银行就好像管道，只负责提供基本数据，但服务利润都被fintech抢了，目前还只是担心阶段。
21.leave them in a weaker position
22.voiced concerns about security and liability
23.legitmate合法的
24.fraud骗子
25.perfect on paper
26.water the rules
27. Several incumbents are already adapting to the reality of the fintech challenge through partnershipsand purchases.
Santander’s British arm,
Translation exercise
1.New European payments regulation has the potential toshake up the banks.
欧洲行支付调控措施的出台很有可能动摇银行的地位。
2.European rules will open the door toa host of innovative services that analyze transactions.
欧洲新规将为分析交易信息的创新服务提供便利。
3.Customers need barely ever interact with their bank.
顾客们几乎无需和银行打交道
4.European retail banking has been remarkably unscathed by technology-driven disruption.
创新产业至今并未欧洲零售银行业务造成显著威胁。
5.Fintech companies are beginning tomount a challenge, most conspicuously in the online-payments industry in northern Europe. But their reach is more limited elsewhere in Europe.
经济科技公司开始对传统欧洲零售银行业造成威胁，尤其是北欧的在线支付业务。然而它们在欧洲其他地区的影响力仍然十分有限。
6.Regulators,however, are about to transform the landscape.
然而当局者急降改变这一局面。
7.Banks’ lockhold on payments serves as a handy source of income.
银行对支付业务的牢牢把控使其获利颇丰。
8.Resistance is manifested as a concern about data protection.Suchconcerns are legitimatebut also, argue fintech supporters,offer a convenient excuse for banks to block competition.
其阻力主要来源于对信息安全的担忧。但与此同时，经济技术创新的支持者们也表示，这些虽然合法，却为银行的垄断经营提供了借口。
9.Yet for all their complaints, customers still trust banks with their money.
虽然牢骚不断，但是人们在财务管理方面仍然最信任银行。
become overdrawn:
出现透支
nudge them to save more
督促其节省更多
have easy access to:
轻易做…
kick-start competition:
挑起竞争
give explicit consent
明确赞成
one-click bank transfer:
一键转账
low-value payments:
低面额消费
tighten up security:
加强安全保障
guide them toward:
引导…做…
rich data:
丰富的信息
leave them in a weaker position:
使…居于劣势
robust data-protection system:
强劲的信息保护(⊙o⊙?)系统
insured against losses from fraud:
保证免受诈欺造成的经济损失(⊙o⊙?)
perfect on paper:
计划很美好
team up with:
与…抱团
exploit newcomers technology:
拓展新兴技术
