写在前面
leaf是美团开源的发号器服务，拥有两种发号方式：segment、snowflake。
在看此系列源码解析之前，希望你看过美团技术团队的两篇关于leaf的文章：
1.https://tech.meituan.com/2017/04/21/mt-leaf.html
2.https://tech.meituan.com/2019/03/07/open-source-project-leaf.html
废话不多说，马上开始源码解析。
发号入口在LeafController，可以看到leaf是一个spring mvc的server端，里面有两个@RequestMapping注解，分别对应segment、snowflake发号方式，调用会返回对应方式的最新号码。
@RestController
public class LeafController {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LeafController.class);
@Autowired
private SegmentService segmentService;
@Autowired
private SnowflakeService snowflakeService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/api/segment/get/{key}")
public String getSegmentId(@PathVariable("key") String key) {
return get(key, segmentService.getId(key));
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/api/snowflake/get/{key}")
public String getSnowflakeId(@PathVariable("key") String key) {
return get(key, snowflakeService.getId(key));
}
private String get(@PathVariable("key") String key, Result id) {
Result result;
if (key == null || key.isEmpty()) {
throw new NoKeyException();
}
result = id;
if (result.getStatus().equals(Status.EXCEPTION)) {
throw new LeafServerException(result.toString());
}
return String.valueOf(result.getId());
}
}
snowflake方式分析
snowflake发号方式图
snowflake方式会调用snowflakeService.getId，getId其实是调用SnowflakeIDGenImpl的get方法。
public SnowflakeService() throws InitException {
Properties properties = PropertyFactory.getProperties();
boolean flag = Boolean.parseBoolean(properties.getProperty(Constants.LEAF_SNOWFLAKE_ENABLE, "true"));
if (flag) {
String zkAddress = properties.getProperty(Constants.LEAF_SNOWFLAKE_ZK_ADDRESS);
int port = Integer.parseInt(properties.getProperty(Constants.LEAF_SNOWFLAKE_PORT));
idGen = new SnowflakeIDGenImpl(zkAddress, port);
if(idGen.init()) {
logger.info("Snowflake Service Init Successfully");
} else {
throw new InitException("Snowflake Service Init Fail");
}
} else {
idGen = new ZeroIDGen();
logger.info("Zero ID Gen Service Init Successfully");
}
}
public Result getId(String key) {
return idGen.get(key);
}
首先看下SnowflakeIDGenImpl的构造方法，一个比较特殊的处理是需要当前时间时间戳大于1288834974657L（Thu Nov 04 2010 09:42:54 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间) ），41位字节作为时间戳数值的话，大约68年就会用完，假如你2010年1月1日开始开发系统，如果不减去2010年1月1日的时间戳，那么白白浪费40年的时间戳啊！所以减去twepoch可以让系统在41位字节作为时间戳的情况下的运行时间更长。然后通过zk获取到本身的workerId，判断workerId必须小于1024。
public SnowflakeIDGenImpl(String zkAddress, int port, long twepoch) {
this.twepoch = twepoch;
Preconditions.checkArgument(timeGen() > twepoch, "Snowflake not support twepoch gt currentTime");
final String ip = Utils.getIp();
SnowflakeZookeeperHolder holder = new SnowflakeZookeeperHolder(ip, String.valueOf(port), zkAddress);
LOGGER.info("twepoch:{} ,ip:{} ,zkAddress:{} port:{}", twepoch, ip, zkAddress, port);
boolean initFlag = holder.init();
if (initFlag) {
workerId = holder.getWorkerID();
LOGGER.info("START SUCCESS USE ZK WORKERID-{}", workerId);
} else {
Preconditions.checkArgument(initFlag, "Snowflake Id Gen is not init ok");
}
Preconditions.checkArgument(workerId >= 0 && workerId <= maxWorkerId, "workerID must gte 0 and lte 1023");
}
SnowflakeZookeeperHolder的init方法是通过zk创建永久节点，获取自身的workerId，并且会启动定时线程每3秒上报本节点的时间戳到zk，若不是新节点启动，则需要检查zk的时间戳是否比本节点的时间戳要小，否则将启动失败。此方法能保证workerId的粘滞性与唯一性，防止了时钟回拨。
public boolean init() {
try {
CuratorFramework curator = createWithOptions(connectionString, new RetryUntilElapsed(1000, 4), 10000, 6000);
curator.start();
Stat stat = curator.checkExists().forPath(PATH_FOREVER);
if (stat == null) {
//不存在根节点,机器第一次启动,创建/snowflake/ip:port-000000000,并上传数据
zk_AddressNode = createNode(curator);
//worker id 默认是0
updateLocalWorkerID(workerID);
//定时上报本机时间给forever节点
ScheduledUploadData(curator, zk_AddressNode);
return true;
} else {
Map<String, Integer> nodeMap = Maps.newHashMap();//ip:port->00001
Map<String, String> realNode = Maps.newHashMap();//ip:port->(ipport-000001)
//存在根节点,先检查是否有属于自己的根节点
List<String> keys = curator.getChildren().forPath(PATH_FOREVER);
for (String key : keys) {
String[] nodeKey = key.split("-");
realNode.put(nodeKey[0], key);
nodeMap.put(nodeKey[0], Integer.parseInt(nodeKey[1]));
}
Integer workerid = nodeMap.get(listenAddress);
if (workerid != null) {
//有自己的节点,zk_AddressNode=ip:port
zk_AddressNode = PATH_FOREVER + "/" + realNode.get(listenAddress);
workerID = workerid;//启动worder时使用会使用
if (!checkInitTimeStamp(curator, zk_AddressNode)) {
throw new CheckLastTimeException("init timestamp check error,forever node timestamp gt this node time");
}
//准备创建临时节点
doService(curator);
updateLocalWorkerID(workerID);
LOGGER.info("[Old NODE]find forever node have this endpoint ip-{} port-{} workid-{} childnode and start SUCCESS", ip, port, workerID);
} else {
//表示新启动的节点,创建持久节点 ,不用check时间
String newNode = createNode(curator);
zk_AddressNode = newNode;
String[] nodeKey = newNode.split("-");
workerID = Integer.parseInt(nodeKey[1]);
doService(curator);
updateLocalWorkerID(workerID);
LOGGER.info("[New NODE]can not find node on forever node that endpoint ip-{} port-{} workid-{},create own node on forever node and start SUCCESS ", ip, port, workerID);
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
LOGGER.error("Start node ERROR {}", e);
try {
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.load(new FileInputStream(new File(PROP_PATH.replace("{port}", port + ""))));
workerID = Integer.valueOf(properties.getProperty("workerID"));
LOGGER.warn("START FAILED ,use local node file properties workerID-{}", workerID);
} catch (Exception e1) {
LOGGER.error("Read file error ", e1);
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
private void doService(CuratorFramework curator) {
ScheduledUploadData(curator, zk_AddressNode);// /snowflake_forever/ip:port-000000001
}
private void ScheduledUploadData(final CuratorFramework curator, final String zk_AddressNode) {
Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(new ThreadFactory() {
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
Thread thread = new Thread(r, "schedule-upload-time");
thread.setDaemon(true);
return thread;
}
}).scheduleWithFixedDelay(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
updateNewData(curator, zk_AddressNode);
}
}, 1L, 3L, TimeUnit.SECONDS);//每3s上报数据
}
完成了初始化SnowflakeIDGenImpl后，剩下的事情就比较简单了，get方法使用synchronized保证并发安全，然后将通过timestamp+workerId+sequence拼接形成号码返回。
@Override
public synchronized Result get(String key) {
long timestamp = timeGen();
if (timestamp < lastTimestamp) {
long offset = lastTimestamp - timestamp;
if (offset <= 5) {
try {
wait(offset << 1);
timestamp = timeGen();
if (timestamp < lastTimestamp) {
return new Result(-1, Status.EXCEPTION);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
LOGGER.error("wait interrupted");
return new Result(-2, Status.EXCEPTION);
}
} else {
return new Result(-3, Status.EXCEPTION);
}
}
if (lastTimestamp == timestamp) {
sequence = (sequence + 1) & sequenceMask;
if (sequence == 0) {
//seq 为0的时候表示是下一毫秒时间开始对seq做随机
sequence = RANDOM.nextInt(100);
timestamp = tilNextMillis(lastTimestamp);
}
} else {
//如果是新的ms开始
sequence = RANDOM.nextInt(100);
}
lastTimestamp = timestamp;
long id = ((timestamp - twepoch) << timestampLeftShift) | (workerId << workerIdShift) | sequence;
return new Result(id, Status.SUCCESS);
}
segment方式分析
segment发号方式图
snowflake方式会调用segmentService.getId，getId其实是调用SegmentIDGenImpl的get方法。生成SegmentIDGenImpl前需要初始化segment数据库源。
public SegmentService() throws SQLException, InitException {
Properties properties = PropertyFactory.getProperties();
boolean flag = Boolean.parseBoolean(properties.getProperty(Constants.LEAF_SEGMENT_ENABLE, "true"));
if (flag) {
// Config dataSource
dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
dataSource.setUrl(properties.getProperty(Constants.LEAF_JDBC_URL));
dataSource.setUsername(properties.getProperty(Constants.LEAF_JDBC_USERNAME));
dataSource.setPassword(properties.getProperty(Constants.LEAF_JDBC_PASSWORD));
dataSource.init();
// Config Dao
IDAllocDao dao = new IDAllocDaoImpl(dataSource);
// Config ID Gen
idGen = new SegmentIDGenImpl();
((SegmentIDGenImpl) idGen).setDao(dao);
if (idGen.init()) {
logger.info("Segment Service Init Successfully");
} else {
throw new InitException("Segment Service Init Fail");
}
} else {
idGen = new ZeroIDGen();
logger.info("Zero ID Gen Service Init Successfully");
}
}
public Result getId(String key) {
return idGen.get(key);
}
先看下init方法，此方法是在初始化时查询数据库的所有tag，将tag对应的双buffer放在本机的缓存中,并启动定时线程池，定时更新本机的双buffer缓存。双buffer是segment发号的核心亮点，下面会讲到。
@Override
public boolean init() {
logger.info("Init ...");
// 确保加载到kv后才初始化成功
updateCacheFromDb();
initOK = true;
updateCacheFromDbAtEveryMinute();
return initOK;
}
private void updateCacheFromDbAtEveryMinute() {
ScheduledExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(new ThreadFactory() {
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
Thread t = new Thread(r);
t.setName("check-idCache-thread");
t.setDaemon(true);
return t;
}
});
service.scheduleWithFixedDelay(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
updateCacheFromDb();
}
}, 60, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
private void updateCacheFromDb() {
logger.info("update cache from db");
StopWatch sw = new Slf4JStopWatch();
try {
List<String> dbTags = dao.getAllTags();
if (dbTags == null || dbTags.isEmpty()) {
return;
}
List<String> cacheTags = new ArrayList<String>(cache.keySet());
Set<String> insertTagsSet = new HashSet<>(dbTags);
Set<String> removeTagsSet = new HashSet<>(cacheTags);
//db中新加的tags灌进cache
for(int i = 0; i < cacheTags.size(); i++){
String tmp = cacheTags.get(i);
if(insertTagsSet.contains(tmp)){
insertTagsSet.remove(tmp);
}
}
for (String tag : insertTagsSet) {
SegmentBuffer buffer = new SegmentBuffer();
buffer.setKey(tag);
Segment segment = buffer.getCurrent();
segment.setValue(new AtomicLong(0));
segment.setMax(0);
segment.setStep(0);
cache.put(tag, buffer);
logger.info("Add tag {} from db to IdCache, SegmentBuffer {}", tag, buffer);
}
//cache中已失效的tags从cache删除
for(int i = 0; i < dbTags.size(); i++){
String tmp = dbTags.get(i);
if(removeTagsSet.contains(tmp)){
removeTagsSet.remove(tmp);
}
}
for (String tag : removeTagsSet) {
cache.remove(tag);
logger.info("Remove tag {} from IdCache", tag);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.warn("update cache from db exception", e);
} finally {
sw.stop("updateCacheFromDb");
}
}
初始化完成后，看下get方法，如果双buffer没有从db加载可发的号码，则调用updateSegmentFromDb进行加载，过后调用getIdFromSegmentBuffer从双buffer中获取到号码返回。
@Override
public Result get(final String key) {
if (!initOK) {
return new Result(EXCEPTION_ID_IDCACHE_INIT_FALSE, Status.EXCEPTION);
}
if (cache.containsKey(key)) {
SegmentBuffer buffer = cache.get(key);
if (!buffer.isInitOk()) {
synchronized (buffer) {
if (!buffer.isInitOk()) {
try {
updateSegmentFromDb(key, buffer.getCurrent());
logger.info("Init buffer. Update leafkey {} {} from db", key, buffer.getCurrent());
buffer.setInitOk(true);
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.warn("Init buffer {} exception", buffer.getCurrent(), e);
}
}
}
}
return getIdFromSegmentBuffer(cache.get(key));
}
return new Result(EXCEPTION_ID_KEY_NOT_EXISTS, Status.EXCEPTION);
}
updateSegmentFromDb其实利用了数据库行锁，先update锁住tag行数据，然后在select出本机该发号的minId与maxId区间。若已经初始化，会根据规则调整step，让本机从db获取发号区间的频率维持在15分钟左右一次。
public void updateSegmentFromDb(String key, Segment segment) {
StopWatch sw = new Slf4JStopWatch();
SegmentBuffer buffer = segment.getBuffer();
LeafAlloc leafAlloc;
if (!buffer.isInitOk()) {
leafAlloc = dao.updateMaxIdAndGetLeafAlloc(key);
buffer.setStep(leafAlloc.getStep());
buffer.setMinStep(leafAlloc.getStep());//leafAlloc中的step为DB中的step
} else if (buffer.getUpdateTimestamp() == 0) {
leafAlloc = dao.updateMaxIdAndGetLeafAlloc(key);
buffer.setUpdateTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
buffer.setStep(leafAlloc.getStep());
buffer.setMinStep(leafAlloc.getStep());//leafAlloc中的step为DB中的step
} else {
long duration = System.currentTimeMillis() - buffer.getUpdateTimestamp();
int nextStep = buffer.getStep();
if (duration < SEGMENT_DURATION) {
if (nextStep * 2 > MAX_STEP) {
//do nothing
} else {
nextStep = nextStep * 2;
}
} else if (duration < SEGMENT_DURATION * 2) {
//do nothing with nextStep
} else {
nextStep = nextStep / 2 >= buffer.getMinStep() ? nextStep / 2 : nextStep;
}
logger.info("leafKey[{}], step[{}], duration[{}mins], nextStep[{}]", key, buffer.getStep(), String.format("%.2f",((double)duration / (1000 * 60))), nextStep);
LeafAlloc temp = new LeafAlloc();
temp.setKey(key);
temp.setStep(nextStep);
leafAlloc = dao.updateMaxIdByCustomStepAndGetLeafAlloc(temp);
buffer.setUpdateTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
buffer.setStep(nextStep);
buffer.setMinStep(leafAlloc.getStep());//leafAlloc的step为DB中的step
}
// must set value before set max
long value = leafAlloc.getMaxId() - buffer.getStep();
segment.getValue().set(value);
segment.setMax(leafAlloc.getMaxId());
segment.setStep(buffer.getStep());
sw.stop("updateSegmentFromDb", key + " " + segment);
}
接下来是getIdFromSegmentBuffer，若备用buffer还没加载，并且发号已经发了10%，会通过cas只放行一个线程去从db加载备用buffer的发号区间。若当前buffer的号码并没有大于发号的max上限，则直接返回号码。否则等待去db加载备用发号区间的线程完成，先尝试检查当前buffer的号码有没有大于发号的max上限（此时可能还没有将备用buffer切换成运行buffer），若是则直接返回号码，否则将备用buffer切换成运行buffer，继续由while重复发号流程，当然，此方法所有对buffer的操作都加了并发锁。
public Result getIdFromSegmentBuffer(final SegmentBuffer buffer) {
while (true) {
buffer.rLock().lock();
try {
final Segment segment = buffer.getCurrent();
if (!buffer.isNextReady() && (segment.getIdle() < 0.9 * segment.getStep()) && buffer.getThreadRunning().compareAndSet(false, true)) {
service.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
Segment next = buffer.getSegments()[buffer.nextPos()];
boolean updateOk = false;
try {
updateSegmentFromDb(buffer.getKey(), next);
updateOk = true;
logger.info("update segment {} from db {}", buffer.getKey(), next);
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.warn(buffer.getKey() + " updateSegmentFromDb exception", e);
} finally {
if (updateOk) {
buffer.wLock().lock();
buffer.setNextReady(true);
buffer.getThreadRunning().set(false);
buffer.wLock().unlock();
} else {
buffer.getThreadRunning().set(false);
}
}
}
});
}
long value = segment.getValue().getAndIncrement();
if (value < segment.getMax()) {
return new Result(value, Status.SUCCESS);
}
} finally {
buffer.rLock().unlock();
}
waitAndSleep(buffer);
buffer.wLock().lock();
try {
final Segment segment = buffer.getCurrent();
long value = segment.getValue().getAndIncrement();
if (value < segment.getMax()) {
return new Result(value, Status.SUCCESS);
}
if (buffer.isNextReady()) {
buffer.switchPos();
buffer.setNextReady(false);
} else {
logger.error("Both two segments in {} are not ready!", buffer);
return new Result(EXCEPTION_ID_TWO_SEGMENTS_ARE_NULL, Status.EXCEPTION);
}
} finally {
buffer.wLock().unlock();
}
}
}
最后总结
美团leaf对日常业务经常用到的发号器做了优化与防御逻辑，有比较多的设计亮点，比如snowflake发号使用了zk来防止workerId的重复与时钟回拨。segment发号使用了先update再select的行锁保证了对db操作的安全，动态调整segment的发号步长使得访问db的频率控制在15分钟左右1次。使用双buffer，异步预加载备用buffer的机制，让整个发号过程如丝般顺滑。
