> Antlr4 是一个强大的解析器的生成器,可以用来读取、处理、执行或翻译结构化文本,ANTLR可以从语法上来生成一个可以构建和遍历解析树的解析器,最出名的Spark计算引擎2.x就是用它来解析SQL的,是一个牛到没朋友的家伙。
## IDEA测试
**IDEA语法分析插件**
下载 [antlr-v4-grammar-plugin](https://plugins.jetbrains.com/files/7358/53413/antlr-intellij-plugin-v4-1.9.zip?updateId=53413&pluginId=7358&family=intellij)
**插件安装**
![antlr-v4-grammar分析插件](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/9028759-457ee4fc07b39404.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
g4语法文件使用的是sparkSQL的 [SqlBase.g4](https://github.com/apache/spark/blob/v2.3.1/sql/catalyst/src/main/antlr4/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/parser/SqlBase.g4) 文件进行改造的 [ArcSql.g4 ](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dounine/arc/370dc33ff42cca73e2a01ee2156b5627ba086d95/src/main/resources/ArcSQL.g4)
**右键选中 multiStatement 进行测试**
![antlr4](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/9028759-80259a5ed33eb5ac.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
**测试SQL语法树**
![antlr4-SQL-测试](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/9028759-6187e0ff854daedd.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
**生成解析配置**
![antlr4-生成解析代码](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/9028759-f6023f2df44d1d32.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
1. 右键`ArcSQL.g4`文件,在下拉选项`Configure ANTLR`即可出来。
2. 第一个`Output directory...`要写上输出代码的路径。
3. 比如把它放到当前项目的antlr4的包中`/dounine/github/arc/src/main/scala/com/dounine/arc/antlr4`
4. 右键`ArcSQL.g4`文件,选中`Generate ANTLR Recognizer`即可生成
5. 会生成如下几个文件
```
ArcSQL.interp
ArcSQL.tokens
ArcSQLBaseListener
ArcSQLBaseVisitor
ArcSQLLexer
ArcSQLLexer.interp
ArcSQLLexer.tokens
ArcSQLListener
ArcSQLParser
ArcSQLVisitor
```
## 代码测试
依赖
```
compile group: 'org.antlr', name: 'antlr4', version: '4.7.2'
```
被动模式(树解析到节点了通知)
```
val loadLexer = new ArcSQLLexer(CharStreams.fromString(
"""
select toUp(name) from log;
"""))
val tokens = new CommonTokenStream(loadLexer)
val parser = new ArcSQLParser(tokens)
val ctx = parser.multiStatement()
val listener = new ArcSQLBaseListener() {
override def exitQuerySpecification(ctx: ArcSQLParser.QuerySpecificationContext): Unit = {
val input = ctx.start.getTokenSource.asInstanceOf[ArcSQLLexer]._input
val start = ctx.start.getStartIndex
val stop = ctx.stop.getStopIndex
val interval = new Interval(start, stop)
val sqlText = input.getText(interval)
println("表名 => " + ctx.tableAlias().strictIdentifier().getText)
println("完整SQL =>" + sqlText)
}
}
ParseTreeWalker.DEFAULT.walk(listener, ctx)
```
输出(在`ctx`中还有很多关于sql树信息)
```
表名 => log
完整SQL =>select toUp(name) from log
```
主动模式(主动去要数据)
```
val vistor = new ArcSQLBaseVisitor[Unit] {
override def visitQuerySpecification(ctx: QuerySpecificationContext): Unit = {
val input = ctx.start.getTokenSource.asInstanceOf[ArcSQLLexer]._input
val start = ctx.start.getStartIndex
val stop = ctx.stop.getStopIndex
val interval = new Interval(start, stop)
val sqlText = input.getText(interval)
println("表名 => " + ctx.tableAlias().strictIdentifier().getText)
println("完整SQL =>" + sqlText)
}
}
vistor.visit(ctx)
```
---
![](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/9028759-07315bb8dadcd082.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)