0. 前言
由于自己使用Python居多，对C++并不太熟悉，但是最近在刷算法题，所以这里简单整理总结一下C++常用数据结构的操作函数，以便方便查阅检索。
1. C++标准库常用数据结构
常用数据结构如下：
- string
- vector
- list
- queue和priority_queue
- set
- map
- stack
2. 常用数据结构操作示例
1. string
//header file : <string>
//declaration
string s = "hello world!";
// visit by subscript
char c = s[2];//l
const char cc = s.at(6);//w
// get the length of the string
int length = s.length();//12
int size = s.size();//12
// the string is empty or not
bool is_empty = s.empty();//0
// concat strings
string t = "c++";
s.append(t);//hello world!c++
s += "Python!";//hello world!c++Python!
// get substring
string sub_str = s.substr(0, 5);//hello
// find substring
int pos = s.find("world");//6
// insert operation
s.insert(0, "Hi!");//Hi!hello world!c++Python!
// compare operation
string other = "NLP";
bool cmp = other < s;//0
// visit element by iterator
for (auto i: s) {
cout << i << endl;
}
2. vector
// header file :<vector>
// declaration
vector<int> vec {2, 3, 4}; //[2, 3, 4]
// size of vector
int size = vec.size(); //3
// the vector is empty or not
bool is_empty = vec.empty(); // 0
// visit by subscript
auto e = vec.at(2);//4
int m = vec[1];//3
cout << e << m << endl;
// append element at back
vec.push_back(5); // [2, 3, 4, 5]
// delete the last element
vec.pop_back();//[2, 3, 4]
// insert an element by iterator
vec.insert(vec.begin(), 1); //[1, 2, 3, 4]
// visit the first element and the last element
cout << vec.front() << vec.back() << endl; // 14
// visit by iterator
auto iter = vec.begin();
while (iter != vec.end()) {
cout << *iter << endl;
iter += 1;
}
// delete element by iterator
auto item = vec.erase(vec.end() -2);
cout << *item << endl;//4
for (auto i: vec) {
cout << i << endl;
}
