在处理蓝牙数据的时候,经常遇到进制之间的转换,蓝牙处理的是16进制(NSData),而我们习惯的计数方式是10进制,为了节省空间,蓝牙也会把16进制(NSData)拆成2进制记录。这里我们研究下如何在他们之间进行转换。
假设我们要向蓝牙发送0x1B9901这条数据
Byte转NSData
Byte value[3]={0};value[0]=0x1B;value[1]=0x99;value[2]=0x01;NSData * data = [NSData dataWithBytes:&value length:sizeof(value)];//发送数据[self.peripheral writeValue:data forCharacteristic:self.write type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithoutResponse];
优点:这种方法比较简单,没有进行转换,直接一个字节一个字节的拼装好发送出去。
缺点:当发送数据比较长时会很麻烦,而且不易更改。
NSString转NSData
- (NSData )hexToBytes:(NSString )str{NSMutableData data = [NSMutableData data];int idx;for (idx = 0; idx+2 <= str.length; idx+=2) { NSRange range = NSMakeRange(idx, 2); NSString hexStr = [str substringWithRange:range]; NSScanner* scanner = [NSScanner scannerWithString:hexStr]; unsigned int intValue; [scanner scanHexInt:&intValue]; [data appendBytes:&intValue length:1];}return data;}//发送数据[self.peripheral writeValue:[self hexToBytes:@"1B9901"] forCharacteristic:self.write type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithoutResponse];
优点:比较直观,可以一次转换一长条数据,对于一些功能简单的蓝牙程序,这种转换能处理大部分情况。
缺点:只能发送一些固定的指令,不能参与计算。
求校验和
接下来探讨下发送的数据需要计算的情况。最常用的发送数据需要计算的场景是求校验和(CHECKSUM)。这个根据硬件厂商来定,常见的求校验和的规则有:
如果发送数据长度为n字节,则CHECKSUM为前n-1字节之和的低字节
CHECKSUM=0x100-CHECKSUM(上一步的校验和)
如果我要发送带上校验和的0x1B9901,方法就是:
- (NSData *)getCheckSum:(NSString *)byteStr{int length = (int)byteStr.length/2;NSData *data = [self hexToBytes:byteStr];Byte *bytes = (unsigned char *)[data bytes];Byte sum = 0;for (int i = 0; i<length; i++) { sum += bytes[i];}int sumT = sum;int at = 256 - sumT;printf("校验和:%d\n",at);if (at == 256) { at = 0;}NSString *str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@%@",byteStr,[self ToHex:at]];return [self hexToBytes:str];}//将十进制转化为十六进制- (NSString *)ToHex:(int)tmpid{NSString *nLetterValue;NSString *str =@"";int ttmpig;for (int i = 0; i<9; i++) { ttmpig=tmpid%16; tmpid=tmpid/16; switch (ttmpig) { case 10: nLetterValue =@"A";break; case 11: nLetterValue =@"B";break; case 12: nLetterValue =@"C";break; case 13: nLetterValue =@"D";break; case 14: nLetterValue =@"E";break; case 15: nLetterValue =@"F";break; default: nLetterValue = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%u",ttmpig]; } str = [nLetterValue stringByAppendingString:str]; if (tmpid == 0) { break; }}//不够一个字节凑0if(str.length == 1){ return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"0%@",str];}else{ return str;}}//发送数据NSData *data = [self getCheckSum:@"1B9901"];//data=<1b99014b>[self.peripheral writeValue:data forCharacteristic:self.write type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithoutResponse];
拆分数据
这种是比较麻烦的,举个栗子:在传输某条信息时,我想把时间放进去,不能用时间戳,还要节省空间,这样就出现了一种新的方式存储时间。这里再补充一些C语言知识:
一个字节8位(bit)
char 1字节 int 4字节 unsigned 2字节 float 4字节
存储时间的条件是:
只用四个字节(32位)
前5位表示年(从2000年算起),接着4位表示月,接着5位表示日,接着5位表示时,接着6位表示分,接着3位表示星期,剩余4位保留。
这样直观的解决办法就是分别取出现在时间的年月日时分星期,先转成2进制,再转成16进制发出去。当然你这么写进去,读的时候就要把16进制数据先转成2进制再转成10进制显示。我们就按这个简单粗暴的思路来,准备工作如下:
10进制转2进制
// 十进制转二进制- (NSString *)toBinarySystemWithDecimalSystem:(int)num length:(int)length{int remainder = 0; //余数int divisor = 0; //除数NSString * prepare = @"";while (true){ remainder = num%2; divisor = num/2; num = divisor; prepare = [prepare stringByAppendingFormat:@"%d",remainder]; if (divisor == 0) { break; }}//倒序输出NSString * result = @"";for (int i = length -1; i >= 0; i --){ if (i <= prepare.length - 1) { result = [result stringByAppendingFormat:@"%@", [prepare substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(i , 1)]]; }else{ result = [result stringByAppendingString:@"0"]; }}return result;}
2进制转10进制
// 二进制转十进制- (NSString *)toDecimalWithBinary:(NSString *)binary{int ll = 0 ;int temp = 0 ;for (int i = 0; i < binary.length; i ++){ temp = [[binary substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(i, 1)] intValue]; temp = temp * powf(2, binary.length - i - 1); ll += temp;}NSString * result = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",ll];return result;}
16进制和2进制互转
- (NSString *)getBinaryByhex:(NSString *)hex binary:(NSString *)binary{NSMutableDictionary *hexDic = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];hexDic = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithCapacity:16];[hexDic setObject:@"0000" forKey:@"0"];[hexDic setObject:@"0001" forKey:@"1"];[hexDic setObject:@"0010" forKey:@"2"];[hexDic setObject:@"0011" forKey:@"3"];[hexDic setObject:@"0100" forKey:@"4"];[hexDic setObject:@"0101" forKey:@"5"];[hexDic setObject:@"0110" forKey:@"6"];[hexDic setObject:@"0111" forKey:@"7"];[hexDic setObject:@"1000" forKey:@"8"];[hexDic setObject:@"1001" forKey:@"9"];[hexDic setObject:@"1010" forKey:@"a"];[hexDic setObject:@"1011" forKey:@"b"];[hexDic setObject:@"1100" forKey:@"c"];[hexDic setObject:@"1101" forKey:@"d"];[hexDic setObject:@"1110" forKey:@"e"];[hexDic setObject:@"1111" forKey:@"f"];NSMutableString *binaryString=[[NSMutableString alloc] init];if (hex.length) { for (int i=0; i<[hex length]; i++) { NSRange rage; rage.length = 1; rage.location = i; NSString *key = [hex substringWithRange:rage]; [binaryString appendString:hexDic[key]]; }}else{ for (int i=0; i<binary.length; i+=4) { NSString *subStr = [binary substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(i, 4)]; int index = 0; for (NSString *str in hexDic.allValues) { index ++; if ([subStr isEqualToString:str]) { [binaryString appendString:hexDic.allKeys[index-1]]; break; } } }}return binaryString;}
有了这几种转换函数,完成上面的功能就容易多了,具体怎么操作这里就不写一一出来了。但总感觉怪怪的,这么一个小功能怎么要写这么一大堆代码,当然还可以用c语言的方法去解决。这里主要是为了展示iOS中数据如何转换,C语言的实现方法这里就不写了,有兴趣的同学可以研究下。
附带两个函数
int转NSData
- (NSData *) setId:(int)Id {//用4个字节接收Byte bytes[4];bytes[0] = (Byte)(Id>>24);bytes[1] = (Byte)(Id>>16);bytes[2] = (Byte)(Id>>8);bytes[3] = (Byte)(Id);NSData *data = [NSData dataWithBytes:bytes length:4];}
NSData转int接受到的数据0x00000a0122
//4字节表示的intNSData intData = [data subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(2, 4)];int value = CFSwapInt32BigToHost((int)([intData bytes]));//655650//2字节表示的intNSData intData = [data subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(4, 2)];int value = CFSwapInt16BigToHost((int)([intData bytes]));//290//1字节表示的intchar *bs = (unsigned char *)[[data subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(5, 1) ] bytes];int value = *bs;//34
这两个转换在某些场景下使用频率也是挺高的,蓝牙里面的数据转换基本也就这么多了,希望能够帮助大家。更多关于字节编码的问题,大家可以点这里:传送门