by contrast相比之下
by comparison(与…)相比较
vary from…to… 从……到……得变化
approve of… 支持……
make eye contact眼神交流
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
on the side of… 站在……一边
spend…(in) doing sth. 花费……做某事
spend…on sth. 花费……在……上
pay for… 支付……
it takes sb. sth. to do sth.花费某人……去做某事
according to… 根据……
be influenced by… 被……影响
have influence on… 对……有影响
have an effect on… 对……有影响
in other words换句话说
in a word总而言之
for instance/example例如
that is to say也就是说
play a joke on… 取笑……
make fool of… 愚弄……
in front of… 在……前面(外部)
in the front of… 在……前面(内部)
on the tree在树上(本身长在树上)
in the tree在树上(其它东西在树上)