et al.
abbr. 等人,等物,等等(尤置于名称后,源自拉丁文et alii/alia)
以及其他人;…等人;(尤用于表示作者超过两人时)以及其他作者
et al. is used after a name or a list of names to indicate that other people are also involved. It is used especially when referring to books or articles which were written by more than two people.
...Blough et al.
布劳等人
The concert included works by Tchaikovsky et al.
音乐会上演出了柴可夫斯基等人的作品。
viz
adv.〈正,书,尤英〉即,就是
2. It also includes descriptions of representations, viz., the XML documents in this example.
它还包含了表示的描述,即示例中的XML文档。
Law is such a subject that most studies on this phenomenon, viz. Contract, which is one of the most complex phenomena in the social activities, but the legal study on this issue is not acknowledged to be systemic and perfect.
契约是社会生活中较为复杂的现象之一,而对这一现象研究最多的就是法律,然而法律对于契约的研究难称系统和完善。
etc
adv.等等;以及其他(类似的);诸如此类
等等;以及其他
etc is used at the end of a list to indicate that you have mentioned only some of the items involved and have not given a full list. etc is a written abbreviation for (书面缩略=) 'et cetera'.
She knew all about my schoolwork, my hospital work etc.
她知道有关我的学业、医院工作等所有的一切。
and so on 及诸如此类;等等
and so on and so forth 等等;如此等等
i.e.
abbr.也就是,亦即(源自拉丁文id est)
亦即;也就是
i.e .is used to introduce a word or sentence which makes what you have just said clearer or gives details.
...strategic points — i.e. airports or military bases.战略要点,也就是机场或军事基地