wnmp是windows下,Nginx、MySQL、PHP的环境集成包。新手用该集成包学习PHP,搭建自己的本地服务器十分便利。原理性的东西我还需要进一步学习,现在先简单看一下如何完成初始的环境构建。
首先进行本地服务器地址路径设置:
打开安装目录下的conf文件,在其中找到nginx.conf。初始配置文件如下:
worker_processes 1;
error_log logs/error.log;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
# Max value 16384
worker_connections 8192;
# Accept multiple connections
multi_accept on;
}
# Settings that affect all server blocks
http {
include php_processes.conf;
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
access_log logs/access.log;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
ssl_session_timeout 10m;
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.1 TLSv1 SSLv3;
ssl_ciphers ECDH+AESGCM:DH+AESGCM:ECDH+AES256:DH+AES256:ECDH+AES128:DH+AES:ECDH+3DES:DH+3DES:RSA+AES:RSA+3DES:!ADH:!AECDH:!MD5:!DSS;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
gzip on;
# http server
# Begin HTTP Server
server {
listen 80; # IPv4
server_name localhost;
## Parametrization using hostname of access and log filenames.
access_log logs/localhost_access.log;
error_log logs/localhost_error.log;
## Root and index files.
root html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
## If no favicon exists return a 204 (no content error).
location = /favicon.ico {
try_files $uri =204;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
## Don't log robots.txt requests.
location = /robots.txt {
allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
## Try the requested URI as files before handling it to PHP.
location / {
## Regular PHP processing.
location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri =404;
fastcgi_pass php_processes;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
## Static files
location ~* \.(?:css|gif|htc|ico|js|jpe?g|png|swf)$ {
expires max;
log_not_found off;
## No need to bleed constant updates. Send the all shebang in one
## fell swoop.
tcp_nodelay off;
## Set the OS file cache.
open_file_cache max=1000 inactive=120s;
open_file_cache_valid 45s;
open_file_cache_min_uses 2;
open_file_cache_errors off;
}
## Keep a tab on the 'big' static files.
location ~* ^.+\.(?:ogg|pdf|pptx?)$ {
expires 30d;
## No need to bleed constant updates. Send the all shebang in one
## fell swoop.
tcp_nodelay off;
}
} # / location
}
# End HTTP Server
# Begin HTTPS Server
server {
listen 443 http2 ssl;
server_name localhost;
ssl_certificate cert.pem;
ssl_certificate_key key.pem;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_session_timeout 10m;
## Parametrization using hostname of access and log filenames.
access_log logs/localhost_access.log;
error_log logs/localhost_error.log;
## Root and index files.
root html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
## If no favicon exists return a 204 (no content error).
location = /favicon.ico {
try_files $uri =204;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
## Don't log robots.txt requests.
location = /robots.txt {
allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
## Try the requested URI as files before handling it to PHP.
location / {
## Regular PHP processing.
location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri =404;
fastcgi_pass php_processes;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
## Static files are served directly.
location ~* \.(?:css|gif|htc|ico|js|jpe?g|png|swf)$ {
expires max;
log_not_found off;
## No need to bleed constant updates. Send the all shebang in one
## fell swoop.
tcp_nodelay off;
## Set the OS file cache.
open_file_cache max=1000 inactive=120s;
open_file_cache_valid 45s;
open_file_cache_min_uses 2;
open_file_cache_errors off;
}
## Keep a tab on the 'big' static files.
location ~* ^.+\.(?:ogg|pdf|pptx?)$ {
expires 30d;
## No need to bleed constant updates. Send the all shebang in one
## fell swoop.
tcp_nodelay off;
}
} # / location
} # End HTTPS Server
}
改变http和https中的root下的路径为你所需要搭建本地服务器的路径,默认为html即可,其它内容还得继续研究,先跑起来再说~
此时,打开wnmp,start all之后,在浏览器输入localhost,看到这个页面,就代表已经安装成功:
然后,自己尝试搭建第一个网页:
1、简单描述下web 服务器、PHP、数据库、浏览器是如何实现动态网站的?
要了解动态网站,首先我们得知道一个用户获取静态网页的过程:
- 首先用户在浏览器输入URL后,通过DNS来获取IP地址以找到相对应服务器。
- 服务器根据用户的需求,即URL地址上所表达的东西,返回给浏览器一个静态的HTML文件。
- 最后浏览器对该HTML文件进行渲染展现给用户。
如果网页是一成不变的还好,但是涉及到表单提交时,静态网站就远不能满足用户的需求了:
在静态网页,用户表单填写无法与服务器进行交互,只能将数据填写完成之后,以邮件发送的形式将数据提交,且无法检查自己填写的信息,这么麻烦的操作催生了动态网页的形成。
- 首先用户按照静态页面的方式获取了一个页面;
- 当用户在该静态页面上发送请求时,向服务器提交了一个php脚本的地址;
- 服务器通过php对用户的需求进行处理:可以发送邮件,也可以通过数据库(php一般对应的MySQL)增删改查来存储数据;
- 服务器将运行过php转换为html文件,并返还给浏览器;
- 浏览器对html文件进行渲染,呈现在用户面前。
2、常见的web服务器有哪些?
最常见的WEB服务器是:Apache、Nginx、IIS;
此外还有:Tomcat和Zeus。
3、打开浏览器,在地址栏输入 http://jirengu.com 页面展现了饥人谷官网的信息,整个过程发生了什么?(饥人谷官网后台语言 php,web服务器 nginx,数据库 mysql)
- 首先在浏览器输入了URL地址(http://jirengu.com](http://jirengu.com/);
- 互联网通过DNS将URL翻译成IP地址(如果先前访问过该网站,通过浏览器->操作系统->路由器->运营商->根,层层寻找DNS缓存,一定会得到!);
- 若用户以前登录过饥人谷官网,随着URL地址传过来的还有一个cookie。
- 此饥人谷的服务器nginx得到响应,根据用户的需求,通过PHP进行处理,如果涉及到用户登录以及数据请求或提交,还将与数据库MySQL进行交互,服务器将返回一个静态的html文档。
- 通过TCP/IP协议三次握手,确定网络正常,将静态html文档送至客户端(浏览器)。
- 浏览器对html进行渲染,将饥人谷官网呈现给用户。