1.子线程中try... catch...
最简单有效的办法,就是在子线程的执行方法中,把可能发生异常的地方,用try ... catch ... 语句包起来。
线程代码:
public class ChildThread implements Runnable {
public void run() {
code1();
try {
// 可能发生异常的方法
exceptionMethod();
} catch (Exception e) {
// 处理异常
System.out.println(String.format("抛出异常", e));
}
code2();
}
}
2.为线程设置“未捕获异常处理器”UncaughtExceptionHandler
为线程设置异常处理器。具体做法可以是以下几种:
(1)Thread.setUncaughtExceptionHandler设置当前线程的异常处理器;
(2)Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler为整个程序设置默认的异常处理器;
如果当前线程有异常处理器(默认没有),则优先使用该UncaughtExceptionHandler类;否则,如果当前线程所属的线程组有异常处理器,则使用线程组的
UncaughtExceptionHandler;否则,使用全局默认的DefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler;如果都没有的话,子线程就会退出。
注意:子线程中发生了异常,如果没有任何类来接手处理的话,是会直接退出的,而不会记录任何日志。
所以,如果什么都不做的话,是会出现子线程任务既没执行成功,也没有任何日志提示的“诡异”现象的。
设置当前线程的异常处理器:
public class ChildThread implements Runnable {
private static ChildThreadExceptionHandler exceptionHandler;
static {
exceptionHandler = new ChildThreadExceptionHandler();
}
public void run() {
Thread.currentThread().setUncaughtExceptionHandler(exceptionHandler);
System.out.println("do something 1");
exceptionMethod();
System.out.println("do something 2");
}
public static class ChildThreadExceptionHandler implements Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler {
public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
System.out.println(String.format("handle exception in child thread. %s", e));
}
}
}
或者,设置所有线程的默认异常处理器
private static ChildThreadExceptionHandler exceptionHandler;
static {
exceptionHandler = new ChildThreadExceptionHandler();
Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(exceptionHandler);
}
public void run() {
System.out.println("do something 1");
exceptionMethod();
System.out.println("do something 2");
}
private void exceptionMethod() {
throw new RuntimeException("ChildThread exception");
}
public static class ChildThreadExceptionHandler implements Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler {
public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
System.out.println(String.format("handle exception in child thread. %s", e));
}
}
}
输出结果:
do something 1
handle exception in child thread. java.lang.RuntimeException: ChildThread exception
3.通过Future的get方法捕获异常(推荐)
使用线程池提交一个能获取到返回信息的方法,也就是ExecutorService.submit(Callable)
在submit之后可以获得一个线程执行结果的Future对象,而如果子线程中发生了异常,通过future.get()获取返回值时,可以捕获到
ExecutionException异常,从而知道子线程中发生了异常。
子线程代码:
public class ChildThread implements Callable<String> {
public String call() throws Exception {
System.out.println("do something 1");
exceptionMethod();
System.out.println("do something 2");
return "test result";
}
private void exceptionMethod() {
throw new RuntimeException("ChildThread1 exception");
}
}
父线程代码:
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(8);
Future future = executorService.submit(new ChildThread());
try {
future.get();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println(String.format("handle exception in child thread. %s", e));
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
System.out.println(String.format("handle exception in child thread. %s", e));
} finally {
if (executorService != null) {
executorService.shutdown();
}
}
}
}
命令行输出:
do something 1
handle exception in child thread. java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.lang.RuntimeException: ChildThread1 exception