安卓7.0以后，google修改了文件权限，不再允许app透露file://Uri来给其他app，转而使用FileProvider通过content://Uri来取代file://Uri
1.使用FileProvider必须在manifest文件中注册provider:
<application>
... ...
<provider
android:authorities="${applicationId}.provider"
android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
android:exported="false"
android:grantUriPermissions="true">
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
android:resource="@xml/filepath"/>
</provider>
</application>
-
android:authorities:FileProvider唯一标识 -
android:exported: 必须设置为falseFileProvider不能公开 -
android:grantUriPermissions: 控制文件权限 -
android:resource: xml路径设置的filepath.xml
2.res/xml/新增 filepath.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths>
<!--拍照存储路径-->
<external-path
name="pocket"
path="pocket/picture/" />
<!--访问相册路径-->
<external-path
name="external"
path="." />
</paths>
-
path: 子目录名称 -
name: 取代path的别名
即原来路径名为file://xxxx/pocket/picture/x.jpg -> content://xxxx/pocket/picture/x.jpg
3.由于项目结果使用的是单activity多fragment，项目中的每个fragment都间接继承了PermissionCheckerDelegate，因此，项目所有的权限都放在此类中进行申请（先贴代码，后续再讲适配中出现的一些Bug解决方案）:
abstract class PermissionCheckerDelegate : BaseDelegate() {
//给子类用于显示的相片地址
private lateinit var photoUri: Uri
private lateinit var imagePath: String
//供裁剪使用
private lateinit var oriUri: Uri
private val cropFile = File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().absolutePath,
"/pocket/picture/" + "crop_photo.jpg")
companion object {
const val WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 1
const val OPEN_CAMERA = 2
const val OPEN_ALBUM = 3
const val CROP_IMAGE = 4
}
/**
* 相机读写权限申请
*/
fun applyCameraPermission() {
applyWritePermission(OPEN_CAMERA) {
openCamera()
}
}
/**
* 相册读写权限申请
*/
fun applyOpenAlbumPermission() {
applyWritePermission(OPEN_ALBUM) {
openAlbum()
}
}
/**
* 获取相机拍下的uri并转为bitmap
*/
fun getBitmapByCamera() = BitmapFactory
.decodeStream(context!!.contentResolver.openInputStream(photoUri))!!
/**
* 获取相册的图片转为bitmap
*/
fun getBitmapByAlbum(data: Intent): Bitmap {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
handleImageAfterKitKat(data)
} else {
handleImageBeforeKitKat(data)
}
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
//7.0适配
oriUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(context!!, "com.dididi.pocket.provider", File(imagePath))
}
return MediaStore.Images.Media.getBitmap(context!!.contentResolver, oriUri)
}
/**
* 打开相机
*/
private fun openCamera() {
//创建file于sdcard/pocketPicture/ 以当前时间命名的jpg图像
File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().absolutePath,
"/pocket/picture/" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".jpg").apply {
parentFile.mkdirs()
photoUri = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
//android7.0之后，不再允许app透露file://Uri给其他app
//转而使用FileProvider来生成content://Uri取代file://Uri
FileProvider
.getUriForFile(context!!, "com.dididi.pocket.provider", this)
} else {
//7.0之前 直接获取Uri
Uri.fromFile(this)
}
}
Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE).apply {
//将uri存进intent，供相机回调使用 data.getData中获取
putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, photoUri)
startActivityForResult(this, OPEN_CAMERA)
}
}
/**
* 打开相册
*/
private fun openAlbum() {
Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT).apply {
type = "image/*"
startActivityForResult(this, OPEN_ALBUM)
}
}
/**
* 裁剪Uri
* @param oriUri 原始Uri
* @param desUri 目标Uri
*/
fun cropImageUri(oriUri: Uri, desUri: Uri, aspectX: Int, aspectY: Int, width: Int, height: Int) {
Intent("com.android.camera.action.CROP").apply {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION)
}
setDataAndType(oriUri, "image/*")
putExtra("crop", "true")
putExtra("aspectX", aspectX)
putExtra("aspectY", aspectY)
putExtra("outputX", width)
putExtra("outputY", height)
putExtra("scale", true)
//将剪切的图片保存到目标Uri中
putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, desUri)
putExtra("return-data", false)
putExtra("outputFormat", Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG.toString())
putExtra("noFaceDetection", true)
this@PermissionCheckerDelegate.startActivityForResult(this, CROP_IMAGE)
}
}
override fun onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode: Int,
permissions: Array<out String>,
grantResults: IntArray) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults)
//权限请求结果
when (requestCode) {
WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE -> {
permissionHint(grantResults, "没有读写权限") {}
}
OPEN_CAMERA -> {
permissionHint(grantResults, "没有读写权限") {
openCamera()
}
}
OPEN_ALBUM -> {
permissionHint(grantResults, "没有读写权限") {
openAlbum()
}
}
else -> {
Toast.makeText(context, "没有权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
}
}
}
/**
* 权限结果处理lambda函数
* @param grantResults 请求结果
* @param msg toast内容
* @param target 权限拿到要做什么
*/
private fun permissionHint(grantResults: IntArray, msg: String, target: () -> Unit) {
if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
target()
} else {
Toast.makeText(context, msg, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
}
}
/**
* 请求读写权限
* @param requestCode 请求码
* @param target 要做什么
*/
private fun applyWritePermission(requestCode: Int, target: () -> Unit) {
val permissions = listOf(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
//android6.0之后，需要动态申请读写权限
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
//读写是否已经授权
val check = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context!!, permissions[0])
if (check == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
target()
} else {
//如果未发现授权，则请求权限
requestPermissions(arrayOf(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE),
requestCode)
}
} else {
target()
}
}
/**
* android4.4之后，需要解析获取图片真实路径
*/
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT)
private fun handleImageAfterKitKat(data: Intent) {
val uri = data.data
//document类型的Uri
when {
DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri) -> {
//通过documentId处理
val docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri)
when (uri?.authority) {
"com.android.externalstorage.documents" -> {
val type = docId.split(":")[0]
if ("primary".equals(type, ignoreCase = true)) {
imagePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
.toString() + "/" + docId.split(":")[1]
}
}
//media类型解析
"com.android.providers.media.documents" -> {
val id = docId.split(":")[1]
val type = docId.split(":")[0]
val contentUri: Uri? = when (type) {
"image" -> MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI
"video" -> MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI
"audio" -> MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI
else -> null
}
val selection = "_id=?"
val selectionArgs: Array<String> = arrayOf(id)
imagePath = getImagePath(contentUri!!, selection, selectionArgs)!!
}
//downloads文件解析
"com.android.providers.downloads.documents" -> {
ContentUris.withAppendedId(
Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), docId.toLong()
).apply {
imagePath = getImagePath(this, null, null)!!
}
}
else -> {
}
}
}
"content".equals(uri?.scheme, ignoreCase = true) ->
//content类型数据不需要解析，直接传入生成即可
imagePath = getImagePath(uri!!, null, null)!!
"file".equals(uri?.scheme, ignoreCase = true) ->
//file类型的uri直接获取图片路径即可
imagePath = uri!!.path!!
}
}
/**
* android4.4之前可直接获取图片真实uri
*/
private fun handleImageBeforeKitKat(data: Intent) {
val uri = data.data
imagePath = getImagePath(uri!!, null, null)!!
}
/**
* 解析uri及selection
* 获取图片真实路径
*/
private fun getImagePath(uri: Uri, selection: String?, selectionArgs: Array<String>?): String? {
var cursor: Cursor? = null
try {
cursor = context!!.contentResolver.query(uri, null, selection, selectionArgs, null)
if (cursor?.moveToFirst()!!) {
return cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA))
}
} finally {
cursor?.close()
}
return null
}
}
-
子类
ChatDelegate间接继承PermissionCheckerDelegate，因此，子类只需要复写onActivityResult()方法即可，具体代码省略如下：... ... //上拉页面的按钮 //打开相机 val moreCamera = morePagerView?.findViewById<MoreButtonItem>(R.id.item_msg_chat_more_camera) moreCamera?.setOnClickListener { applyCameraPermission() } //打开相册 val moreOpenAlbum = morePagerView?.findViewById<MoreButtonItem>(R.id.item_msg_chat_more_album) moreOpenAlbum?.setOnClickListener { applyOpenAlbumPermission() } ... ... override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent?) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data) when (requestCode) { OPEN_CAMERA -> { if (resultCode == ISupportFragment.RESULT_OK) { insertBitmapToList(getBitmapByCamera()) } } OPEN_ALBUM -> { if (resultCode == ISupportFragment.RESULT_OK) { insertBitmapToList(getBitmapByAlbum(data!!)) } } } }
碰到了以下几个Error：
-
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Couldn't read row 0, col -1 from CursorWindow. Make sure the Cursor is initialized correctly before accessing data from it.
注意检查android4.4之后Uri的解析是否正确是否有遗漏项没解析，参考如handleImageAfterKitKat()方法。
2.java.io.FileNotFoundException: No content provider: /storage/emulated/0/.../xxx.jpg，这个问题出现在访问相册获取相册照片时，android7.0以上设备需要通过FileProvider来获得访问权限，检查一下filepath.xml文件，如果是使用getExternalStorageDirectory()需要加上：<!--访问相册路径--> <external-path name="external" path="." />
然后拿到处理后的imagePath之后，需要通过FileProvider来获取图片Uri，具体如方法getBitmapByAlbum():
/**
* 获取相册的图片转为bitmap
*/
fun getBitmapByAlbum(data: Intent): Bitmap {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
handleImageAfterKitKat(data)
} else {
handleImageBeforeKitKat(data)
}
oriUri = Uri.parse(imagePath)
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
//7.0适配(此处的authority为${applicationId}.provider)
oriUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(context!!, "com.dididi.pocket.provider", File(imagePath))
}
return MediaStore.Images.Media.getBitmap(context!!.contentResolver, oriUri)
}
至此。放张效果图吧。。。
sendPhoto.gif
