对象:在校大学生、科研工作者以及需要接触外刊的工作人员。
背景:不管是四六级,考研,雅思还是托福,出国留学,做研究都需要阅读国外外刊,面对原汁原味的国外文章,对于大多数人来讲,因为词汇的局限,长句的语法困难,所以,这是一项具有挑战性的任务。而在面对这项具有挑战性的任务时,我们需要借助一些实用的方法来帮助我们精读外刊,掌握更好的阅读方法与技巧,得到文章大意与作者行文思路,帮助自己理解文章,总结套路,从而学会写文章,学会读文章。
下面我们就引入一种实用的方法——DESCA法。
我们在DESCA法基础上,结合真实的阅读的习惯,推出更加符合实际的版本。
DESCA法其实就是帮助阅读者快速理解文章大意,做到在短时间内理解文章的大概内容的一种技巧,也就是一种快速泛读技巧。
适用边界:适用于平时学习时,在精读文章之前,很快的抓取文章的思路与主要部分,学习外刊的行文思路,学习英文文章的写作思路。此版本主要用于在平时英语的学习中,能够很好的理解文章,总结文章套路,也是通过外刊在平时积累一些比较好的表达,最终有所输出,应用于写作之中。
可操作性流程图解:
泛读。顾名思义,泛读就是广泛地读、大量地读。那么在泛读的过程当中,了解整篇文章所想要表达的内容(overall understanding)才是阅读的重点,读者不需要过分细致地去分析其中的单词或者语法。(概念来源于百度,部分进行修改。)
也就是说通过DESCA法,进行基本的快速的语法分割,得到其主干部分。总的来说,此方法的优点就在于可以大量的进行以理解为目的的阅读,不断提升阅读速度以及文本理解的能力,及时抓取文章主干部分的内容。同时还在不知不觉当中就养成了良好阅读的习惯,开拓了知识面。
具体步骤如下:首先,在得到一段外刊文本后,用笔(可在纸上进行,也可以运用电子化设备)划过整段,通读一遍结束。 其次,去除定语,状语,补语等修饰成分。快速定位主干,用笔圈出,做好标记,以此类推,不断分割,得出每段核心成分,最终整合快速得到文章主干与大意,了解作者的行文思路与写作思维。
个人案列与实践运用:
示例教程(来自课程中英语课的案例):
外刊选段原文:
A great leader must have a certain irrational quality, a stubborn refusal to face facts, infectious optimism, the ability to convince us that all is not lost even when we are afraid it is. Confucius suggested that, whlie the advisors of a great leader should be as cold as ice, the leader himself should have a fire, a spark or divine madness,
第一步,Delate(去冗):找到句子中的主干部分,即主谓宾,去除冗余的修饰语、定语。
A great leader must have a quality,a stubborn refusal and infectious optimism.
Confucius suggested the leader himself should have fire.
第二步,Simplify(简化):将第一步得到的内容进一步进行简化,得出最关键的内容。
A leader must have optimism.
Confucius suggested the leader have fire.
第三步,Chunk(组块):将第二步得到的内容进行调整,使其具有一定的联系。
A leader must have optimism.
A leader should have fire.
第四步,Assemble(整合):寻找第三步得到的内容中的联系,并将有联系的句子整合成一句完整的句子。
A leader must have optimism and fire.
自身实例:
一段新的文本:(按此操作实现)
For this reason, businessmen generally make poor leaders. They tend to be pragmatists who think that once you've explained why something makes sense, people will do it. But history shows the fallacy of this belief. When times get tough, people don't want to be told what went wrong, or lectured, or given a lot of complicated statistics and plans (like Carter's energy policy)they don't understand. They want to be moved, excited, inspired, consoled, uplifted---in short, led!
第一步,Delate(去冗):找到句子中的主干部分,即主谓宾,去除冗余的修饰语、定语。
businessmen make poor leaders.
They tend to be pragmatists.
history shows the fallacy of this belief.
people don't want to be told what went wrong, or lectured, or given a lot of complicated statistics and plans they don't understand.
They want to be led.
第二步,Simplify(简化):将第一步得到的内容进一步进行简化,得出最关键的内容。
businessmen make poor leaders.history shows the fallacy of this belief.
people don't want to be told. They want to be led.
第三步,Chunk(组块):将第二步得到的内容进行调整,使其具有一定的联系。
businessmen make poor leaders. history shows the fallacy of this belief.
people don't want to be told. people want to be led.
第四步,Assemble(整合):寻找第三步得到的内容中的联系,并将有联系的句子整合成一句完整的句子。
businessmen making poor leaders is the fallacy and people want to be led not to be told.
by 电商1803 柏佳炜 负责对象与背景、具体步骤撰写与文字编辑
电商1802 董显恒 负责流程图与流程实例