在欧路词典的词库中,有一部叫做《英语词根词源记忆词典》,我挺喜欢的,但是用了很久一直没有很系统的学习过一些简称的含义,今天遇到 pro bono 这个词的时候,解释是:
词源:
short for M.L. pro bono publico "for the public good" (1726).
怎么猜都猜不出 M.L. 的含义,所以找了资料来补充一下:《如何看懂词源词典》:原来 M.L. 是 中古拉丁文(Medieval Latin)的意思。
Critical Thinking 一般翻译为“批判性思考”,背单词的时候发现 Critical 还有“重要的”这层意思,才体会到这是一个多么严重的翻译错误,因为中文的“批判”其实是一个能量很低的词,发现网上也已经早有人批评过了:《宋国明:谈谈英文 critical thinking 一词的中文翻译》:
我很想谈谈美国文理学院教育中一个极为重要的概念,英文叫做 critical thinking,但我发现这个词已经被略懂英文的人译成“批判性思维”了,但较懂英文的人一看便知这是按照时下流行的“一对一傻译法”直译的结果。我个人觉得这是恶译劣译,不愿意用它,但我又不能在整篇博文里不断中英夹杂地老说 critical thinking critical thinking,对不对?无法可想,我只能先批判一下“批判性思维”这个翻译,说明它何以是个恶译劣译,然后才能舒舒服服的、心安理得的,提出一个我认为较妥贴的翻译“审辩式思维”来指 critical thinking。
下午和饭叔约的XINCAFE,点了瑰夏这款近几年拿了很多冠军的咖啡豆,发现到瑰夏的英文拼法是 geisha,刚好和艺伎是同一个单词:
1931年默默无闻地从埃塞俄比亚西南部的瑰夏山(Geisha Mountain,恰巧与日文的艺伎同音)输出肯尼亚,浪迹坦桑尼亚、哥斯达黎加,60年代辗转移植到巴拿马,之后又熬过近半个世纪,才一鸣惊人,击败常胜军波本、卡杜拉、卡杜艾、帝比卡等品种,一口气囊括2005、2006和2007年巴拿马国宝豆杯测大赛首奖。2007年,美国精品咖啡协会(SCAA)主办的国际名豆杯测赛,瑰夏又拿下冠军,竞标价更以每磅130美元成交,创下竞赛豆有史以来最高身价纪录。据悉,后来的巴拿马国宝豆竞赛活动将分成瑰夏与非瑰夏两组,免得又被瑰夏抢走其它品种的光彩。瑰夏属于帝比卡家族的一员,却在离开埃塞俄比亚七十多年后扬名立万,更应验了埃塞俄比亚是阿拉比卡基因宝库的说法,随便施舍一个品种出国,就足以在咖啡市场中兴风作浪。
瑰夏(geisha) 在世界很多地区有种植,是精品咖啡中的新王者,其中以巴拿马、危地马拉、哥伦比亚等拉美国家品质比较高,价格也高。[^geisha]
[^geisha]: http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=bZgzC23S4hY1Kzz7RdZ3yVFJfQH_gmGSIdWxX4lqYFmJJShHkmOejknIYat2bedXsZvroINMQM__HJwVwSW4-K
A/C 是一个很通用的 air conditioner(空调)的缩写,偶尔也会在其他的场合见到一些类似的单词:N/A、I/O、AC/DC,而不是AC、NA或者A.C.、N.A.之类的,维基上对这个斜杠的解释是:
Such slashed abbreviations are somewhat more common in British English and were more common around the Second World War[^slash]
[^slash]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)#Abbreviation
使用“.”符号来做缩写的时候,也有一些有趣的地方:
Abbreviations
A full stop is used after some abbreviations. If the abbreviation ends a declaratory sentence there is no additional period immediately following the full stop that ends the abbreviation (e.g. "My name is Gabriel Gama, Jr."). This is called haplography. Though two full stops (one for the abbreviation, one for the sentence ending) might be expected, conventionally only one is written. In the case of an interrogative or exclamatory sentence ending with an abbreviation, a question or exclamation mark can still be added (e.g. "Are you Gabriel Gama, Jr.?").
Abbreviations and personal titles of address
According to the Oxford A–Z of Grammar and Punctuation, "If the abbreviation includes both the first and last letter of the abbreviated word, as in 'Mister' ["Mr"] and 'Doctor' ["Dr"], a full stop is not used." This does not include, for example, the standard abbreviations for titles such as Professor ("Prof.") or Reverend ("Rev."), because they do not end with the last letter of the word they are abbreviating.
Among Americans, however, the common convention is to include the period after these abbreviations.[1]