原文

We are losing our listening. We spend roughly 60 percent of our communication time listening, But we're not very good at it. We retain just 25 percent of what we hear. Now not you, not this talk, but that is generally true. Let's define listening as making meaning from sound. It's a mental process, and it's a process of extraction.

We use some pretty cool techniques to do this. One of them is pattern recognition. (Crowd Noise) So in a cocktail party like this, if I say, "David, Sara, pay attention," some of you just sat up. We recognize patterns to distinguish noise from signal, and especially our name. Differencing is another technique we use. If I left this pink noise on for more than a couple of minutes, you would literally cease to hear it. We listen to differences, we discount sounds that remain the same.

And then there is a whole range of filters. These filters take us from all sound down to what we pay attention to. Most people are entirely unconscious of these filters. But they actually create our reality in a way, because they tell us what we're paying attention to right now. Give you one example of that: Intention is very important in sound, in listening. When I married my wife, I promised her that I would listen to her every day as if for the first time. Now that's something I fall short of on a daily basis. (Laughter) But it's a great intention to have in a relationship.

But that's not all. Sound places us in space and in time. If you close your eyes right now in this room, you're aware of the size of the room from the reverberation and the bouncing of the sound off the surfaces. And you're aware of how many people are around you because of the micro-noises you're receiving. And sound places us in time as well, because sound always has time embedded in it. In fact, I would suggest that our listening is the main way that we experience the flow of time from past to future. So, "Sonority is time and meaning" -- a great quote.

I said at the beginning, we're losing our listening. Why did I say that? Well there are a lot of reasons for this. First of all, we invented ways of recording -- first writing, then audio recording and now video recording as well. The premium on accurate and careful listening has simply disappeared. Secondly, the world is now so noisy, (Noise) with this cacophony going on visually and auditorily, it's just hard to listen; it's tiring to listen. Many people take refuge in headphones, but they turn big, public spaces like this, shared soundscapes, into millions of tiny, little personal sound bubbles. In this scenario, nobody's listening to anybody.

我们正在丧失倾听的能力 我们交流过程中60%的时间都是用来倾听 但其实我们并不擅长倾听 我们只保留了25%所听到的内容 不是指在座各位和这个演讲 这是一个普遍的事实 让我们来定义倾听 就是使得声音有意义 这是一个心理过程 它也是一个提取的过程

我们用一些很酷的技术完成这个过程 其中之一是模式识别技术 （人群噪音）在像这样的一个鸡尾酒会上 如果我说 “大卫，莎拉，注意了” 你们中间就会有人坐直身子 我们能识别出一些声音特点 从而从信号中区分它们 特别是对于自己的名字 区分是我们用的另外一个技术 如果我让这种粉红噪声保持几分钟 你就不会很认真的听它了 我们只会听有变化声音 我们不大专注于持续不变的声音

这里有一系列的过滤功能 它把我们从所有声音中抽离出来 重点去听我们所关注的 大多数人都完全没有察觉这些 过滤器 但是它们在某种程度上创造了现实生活 因为它们告诉我们当下我们正在关注什么 举个例子： 意向在声音和听觉中非常重要 我娶我夫人的时候 我向她承诺我每天都会像我们第一次见面那样 去倾听她 现在我每天都在下降 （笑声） 但这是这种关系下的一个很好的意愿

但这不是全部 声音把我们置于时间和空间中 如果你现在马上闭上眼 你会通过声音回响以及声音 在物体表面撞击的力度 感觉出这件房间的大小 你还可以感觉到在你周围有多少人 因为你可以听到周围微小的噪音 同时，声音还把我们置于时间中 因为声音总是和时间 并存的 实际上我认为听觉是我们最主要的方式 去感受时间从过去到未来 的流动 因此 “声音是时间和存在”--很好的引述

我在演讲开始的时候说过，我们正逐渐丧失倾听的能力 我为什么这么说呢？ 这里面有许多的原因 首先，我们发明了记录的方式-- 一开始通过书写，接着是录音 然后到了现在可以记录影像 精确、仔细的倾听所带来的好处 已经消失了 第二，现在的世界太嘈杂了 （噪音）伴随着视觉、听觉上的 这样的污染 已经很难去倾听了 也疲于去倾听了 许多人用耳机逃避吵杂的世界 但是他们把像这样的庞大的，公共空间 本可被共享的音乐场景 变成了数百万个这样的私人音乐小气泡 这种情况下，没有人会倾听其他人

默写

我们的倾听能力在逐渐失去，我们不擅长听到所听到的内容，只能听到很少的一部分只有四分之一不到，这是个很残酷的现实。

在一些前卫的技术中有种模式来识别声音，像是有人叫你的名字，我们就能听到一些特别的声音，我们对于自己名字的声音识别很高，如果用特殊噪声在你耳边响过几分钟我们就不会认真的听见什么。

我们自身有种过滤噪音的能力，如果没有专注的去听某一个人说话，而那个说话的人持续不停的说话声音超过一定时间，我们就会听不见对方到底在说什么，就像我对我的妻子承诺过会认真听她说过的话，但随着对方说话时间增长，渐渐的就会难以倾听对方的声音。

我们周围会存在很多的声音，闭上眼睛你会感受到周围有没有人，房间大小，因为声音一直围绕在我们周围，在演讲的最开始，我讲过我们的倾听能力正在失去，因为有写，录音，录像机等能够记录的机器，我们开始简化倾听的专注力，并且现在我们生活的环境中存在着太多的噪音，人们变得浮躁，没有人会愿意花时间花精力去专注的倾听。