1.SpringBoot概述

SpringBoot是由Pivotal团队在2013年开始研发、2014年4月发布第一个版本的全新开源的轻量级框架。它基于Spring4.0设计，不仅继承了Spring框架原有的优秀特性， 约定大于配置，来进一步简化了Spring应用的整个搭建和开发过程。

• 自动配置注解
  @SpringBootApplication

SpringBootApplication注解实际上是SpringBoot提供的一个复合注解其中最重要的三个注解分别是@SpringBootConfiguration,@EnableAutoConfiguration,@ComponentScan

@SpringBootConfiguration

/**
 * Indicates that a class provides Spring Boot application
 * {@link Configuration @Configuration}. Can be used as an alternative to the Spring's
 * standard {@code @Configuration} annotation so that configuration can be found
 * automatically (for example in tests).
 * <p>
 * Application should only ever include <em>one</em> {@code @SpringBootConfiguration} and
 * most idiomatic Spring Boot applications will inherit it from
 * {@code @SpringBootApplication}.
 *
 * @author Phillip Webb
 * @since 1.4.0
 */
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Configuration
public @interface SpringBootConfiguration {
 

通过源码得知它是一个@Configuartion,至于@Configuration，作用是配置Spring容器，也即 JavaConfig 形式的 Spring IoC 容器的配置类所使用。这说明 @SpringBootConfiguration 也是来源于 @Configuration，二者功能都是将当前类标注为配置类，并将当前类里以 @Bean 注解标记的方法的实例注入到srping容器中，实例名即为方法名。

• @EnableAutoConfiguration

/**
 * Enable auto-configuration of the Spring Application Context, attempting to guess and
 * configure beans that you are likely to need. Auto-configuration classes are usually
 * applied based on your classpath and what beans you have defined. For example, If you
 * have {@code tomcat-embedded.jar} on your classpath you are likely to want a
 * {@link TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory} (unless you have defined your own
 * {@link EmbeddedServletContainerFactory} bean).
 * <p>
 * When using {@link SpringBootApplication}, the auto-configuration of the context is
 * automatically enabled and adding this annotation has therefore no additional effect.
 * <p>
 * Auto-configuration tries to be as intelligent as possible and will back-away as you
 * define more of your own configuration. You can always manually {@link #exclude()} any
 * configuration that you never want to apply (use {@link #excludeName()} if you don't
 * have access to them). You can also exclude them via the
 * {@code spring.autoconfigure.exclude} property. Auto-configuration is always applied
 * after user-defined beans have been registered.
 * <p>
 * The package of the class that is annotated with {@code @EnableAutoConfiguration},
 * usually via {@code @SpringBootApplication}, has specific significance and is often used
 * as a 'default'. For example, it will be used when scanning for {@code @Entity} classes.
 * It is generally recommended that you place {@code @EnableAutoConfiguration} (if you're
 * not using {@code @SpringBootApplication}) in a root package so that all sub-packages
 * and classes can be searched.
 * <p>
 * Auto-configuration classes are regular Spring {@link Configuration} beans. They are
 * located using the {@link SpringFactoriesLoader} mechanism (keyed against this class).
 * Generally auto-configuration beans are {@link Conditional @Conditional} beans (most
 * often using {@link ConditionalOnClass @ConditionalOnClass} and
 * {@link ConditionalOnMissingBean @ConditionalOnMissingBean} annotations).
 *
 * @author Phillip Webb
 * @author Stephane Nicoll
 * @see ConditionalOnBean
 * @see ConditionalOnMissingBean
 * @see ConditionalOnClass
 * @see AutoConfigureAfter
 * @see SpringBootApplication
 */
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
 
    String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";
 
    /**
     * Exclude specific auto-configuration classes such that they will never be applied.
     * @return the classes to exclude
     */
    Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
 
    /**
     * Exclude specific auto-configuration class names such that they will never be
     * applied.
     * @return the class names to exclude
     * @since 1.3.0
     */
    String[] excludeName() default {};
 
}

用于开启SpringBoot自动配置功能。

• @ComponentScan

Spring 会自动扫描所有通过注解配置的 bean，然后将其注册到 IOC 容器中。

SpringBoot核心功能

独立运行的Spring项目
内嵌Servlet容器
提供starter简化Maven配置
自动配置Spring
准生产的应用监控
无代码生成和xml配置
1.2 SpringBoot的优点
快速构建项目
对主流开发框架的无配置集成
项目可独立运行，不依赖外部容器
提供运行时的应用监控
极大地提高开发、部署效率
与云计算天然集成