遭受早期压力事件的儿童预期损失时大脑激活水平降低，但在遭受损失时大脑激活水平增强。不论是在实验室情境还是现实生活中均发现类似的结果。
Schematic of the MID task used in this study. Participants were presented with a cue indicating the amount of potential monetary gain or loss. A triangle (“TARGET”) briefly appeared on the screen, and the participant had to press a button while the triangle was on the screen to win or avoid losing money. Pressing the button too early or too late resulted in no win or a loss. Feedback was then provided to indicate success or failure on that trial.
Individual differences in risky behaviors, measured from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, are correlated with measures of early life stress (assessed using the YLSI; P < 0.0003). This effect held even after controlling for current life stress (assessed using the LSI; P < 0.05).
Early childhood stress exposure, reward pathways, and adult decision making
