Machine_Learning_2019_Task 9 绘制树图形

要求

利用 Python 结合 Matplotlib 绘制树图形

• Matplotlib 注释
• 构造注解树

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# 定义文本框和箭头格式
decisionNode = dict(boxstyle="sawtooth", fc="0.8")
leafNode = dict(boxstyle="round4", fc="0.8")
arrow_args = dict(arrowstyle="<-")


# 获取叶节点的数目
def getNumLeafs(myTree):
    numLeafs = 0
    firstStr = myTree.keys()[0]
    secondDict = myTree[firstStr]
    for key in secondDict.keys():
        # 测试节点的数据类型是否为字典
        if type(secondDict[key]).__name__=='dict':
            numLeafs += getNumLeafs(secondDict[key])
        # 如果不是，则为叶节点
        else:   numLeafs +=1
    return numLeafs


# 树的层数
def getTreeDepth(myTree):
    maxDepth = 0
    firstStr = myTree.keys()[0]
    secondDict = myTree[firstStr]
    for key in secondDict.keys():
        # 测试节点的数据类型是否为字典
        if type(secondDict[key]).__name__=='dict':
            thisDepth = 1 + getTreeDepth(secondDict[key])
        else:   thisDepth = 1
        if thisDepth > maxDepth: maxDepth = thisDepth
    return maxDepth


# 画节点
def plotNode(nodeTxt, centerPt, parentPt, nodeType):
    createPlot.ax1.annotate(nodeTxt, xy=parentPt,  xycoords='axes fraction',
             xytext=centerPt, textcoords='axes fraction',
             va="center", ha="center", bbox=nodeType, arrowprops=arrow_args )


# 在父子节点之间添加文本信息
def plotMidText(cntrPt, parentPt, txtString):
    xMid = (parentPt[0]-cntrPt[0])/2.0 + cntrPt[0]
    yMid = (parentPt[1]-cntrPt[1])/2.0 + cntrPt[1]
    createPlot.ax1.text(xMid, yMid, txtString, va="center", ha="center", rotation=30)


# 画树
def plotTree(myTree, parentPt, nodeTxt):
    # 计算树在x轴的宽
    numLeafs = getNumLeafs(myTree)
    # 计算树在y轴的高
    depth = getTreeDepth(myTree)
    firstStr = myTree.keys()[0]
    # plotTree.xOff和plotTree.yOff追踪已经绘制的节点位置并表示下一个节点的恰当位置
    cntrPt = (plotTree.xOff + (1.0 + float(numLeafs))/2.0/plotTree.totalW, plotTree.yOff)
    plotMidText(cntrPt, parentPt, nodeTxt)
    plotNode(firstStr, cntrPt, parentPt, decisionNode)
    secondDict = myTree[firstStr]
    # 按比例减少全局变量
    plotTree.yOff = plotTree.yOff - 1.0/plotTree.totalD
    for key in secondDict.keys():
        # 测试节点的数据类型是否为字典
        if type(secondDict[key]).__name__=='dict':
            # 递归调用
            plotTree(secondDict[key],cntrPt,str(key))
        # 如果不是，则为叶节点
        else:
            plotTree.xOff = plotTree.xOff + 1.0/plotTree.totalW
            plotNode(secondDict[key], (plotTree.xOff, plotTree.yOff), cntrPt, leafNode)
            plotMidText((plotTree.xOff, plotTree.yOff), cntrPt, str(key))
    plotTree.yOff = plotTree.yOff + 1.0/plotTree.totalD


# 创建绘图
def createPlot(inTree):
    fig = plt.figure(1, facecolor='white')
    fig.clf()
    axprops = dict(xticks=[], yticks=[])
    createPlot.ax1 = plt.subplot(111, frameon=False, **axprops)    #no ticks
    #createPlot.ax1 = plt.subplot(111, frameon=False) #ticks for demo puropses
    plotTree.totalW = float(getNumLeafs(inTree))
    plotTree.totalD = float(getTreeDepth(inTree))
    plotTree.xOff = -0.5/plotTree.totalW; plotTree.yOff = 1.0;
    plotTree(inTree, (0.5,1.0), '')
    plt.show()