英语句子最基本的正常语序有下列几种:
1.
主语+不及物动词:The sun rises.
主语+助动词+不及物动词:The sun will rise.
2.
主语+及物动词+宾语:The host met the guests.
主语+助动词+及物动词+宾语:The host will meet the guests.
3.
主语+联系动词be+补语:He is a poet.
主语+助动词+联系动词+补语:He may be a poet.
英语诗歌之所以难,其中一个主要原因,就是它大量采用了倒装句。
英语诗歌中的倒装句,打乱了上述的正常语序,进行语序重组,变幻出不同的花样来:
1. 动词+主语:
So spake the’Almightie…
(Milton, Paradise Lost Vll)
2. 动词+主语+助动词:
Cavil you may, but never criticize.
(Pope, Essay on Criticism)
3. 主语+宾语+动词:
…thy sweet love rememb’red such wealth brings
(Shakespeare, Sonnet 29)
4. 主语+助动词+宾语+动词:
Not mine own fears…
Can yet the lease of my true love control
(Shakespeare, Sonnet 107)
5. 宾语+主语+动词:
Yet him for this my love no whit distaineth
(Shakespeare, Sonnet 33)
6. 宾语+助动词+主语+动词:
Full many a glorious morning have I seen
(Shakespeare, Sonnet 33)
7. 宾语+动词+主语:
…no such roses see I in her cheeks
(Shakespeare, Sonnet 130)
8. 动词+宾语+主语:
Here rests his head upon the lap of Earth/A Youth
(Gray, Elegy in a County Churchard.)
英语诗歌是英语十年级和十二年级的省考的必考内容。掌握倒装句的语法结构,有助于学生还原诗歌的正常语序,从而正确理解诗歌的意思。