第一讲
一）What is Social Psychology?
• Myers (p. 554) “Social psychology is the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another”
– ?The scientific investigation of how the thoughts, feelings and behaviours of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of others.? (Allport, 1935)
– ?…is all about the give and take of influence on behaviour, beliefs and feelings – between individuals, between groups, and between an individual and a group? (Carr, 2003)
– Social psychology is a science that studies the psychological aspects of society (Turner & Oakes, 1986). Social Psychology
Some aspects of the definition:
– Social influence
– Relationship between self and others
– Individual and the group, between groups (social aspects of society) Social Psychology
(Some) Areas of Interest
• Attitudes
• Social cooperation (e.g. helping, altruism)
• Social norms
• Social influence and persuasion
• Conformity and obedience
• Prejudice
• Discrimination (racism, sexism, homophobia, etc.)
• Stereotyping
• Intergroup conflict
• Intergroup co-operation
1.什么是社会心理学？
（1）迈尔斯“社会心理学是对我们如何思考、影响和相互联系的科学研究”
-科学调查个人的思想、感情和行为如何受到他人实际、想象或暗示的存在的影响。
-？…是关于对行为、信仰和感情的给予和接受--个人之间、群体之间、个人和群体之间？
-社会心理学是一门研究社会心理方面的科学(特纳&奥克斯，1986)。
定义的某些方面：
-社会影响
-自我与他人的关系
-个人和群体、群体之间(社会的社会方面)、社会心理学
（3）(一些)感兴趣的领域
•态度
•社会合作
•社会规范
•社会影响和说服
•从众和服从
•偏见
•歧视(种族主义、性别歧视、仇视同性恋等)
•Stereotyping
•群体间冲突
•群体间的合作
二）Significance of Sherif’s studies
1.“new and supra-individual qualities arise in group situations” (Sherif,1936, p. 105) “在群体情境中出现新的和超常的个人品质”（谢里夫，1936，第105页）
2.Groups established own mean and range and when norm changed affected group as a whole (conformity)当标准改变影响组整体时，组建立自己的均值和范围（整合）
3.Norms were social products established through interaction of individuals and that continued to have meaning and influence outside of the setting of formation. 规范是通过个人与个人之间互动建立的社会产品，它在形成的过程中继续具有意义和影响。
4.Later replications group norms had impact 12 months later – not short-term conformity (acceptance as valid norm) 随后的重复组规范在12个月后有影响而不是短期一致性（接受为有效范数）
5.New methods for studying group processes研究组过程的新方法
